Arrangement of Agricultural Labour. 7 1 



1. The farmer ought to rise early, and see that others do 

 so. In the winter season, breakfast should be taken by 

 candle light, for by this means, an hour is gained, which 

 many farmers indolently lose ; though six hours in a week, 

 are nearly equal to the working part of a winter day. This 

 is a material object, where a number of servants are em- 

 ployed. It is also particularly necessary, for farmers to in- 

 sist on the punctual performance of their orders. 



2. The whole farm should be regularly inspected, and not 

 only every field examined, but every beast seen, at least once 

 a-day, either by the occupier, or by some intelligent servant. 



3. In a considerable farm, it is of the utmost consequence, 

 to have servants specially appropriated for each of the most 

 important departments of labour ; for there is often a great 

 loss of time, where persons are frequently changing their 

 employments. Besides, where the division of labour is in- 

 troduced, work is executed not only more expeditiously, but 

 also much better, in consequence of the same hands being 

 constantly employed in one particular department. For that 

 purpose, the ploughmen ought never to be employed in 

 manual labour, but regularly kept at work with their horses, 

 when the weather will admit of it. 



4. To arrange the operation of ploughing, according to the 

 soils cultivated, is an object of essential importance. On 

 many farms there are fields, which are soon rendered unfit 

 to be ploughed, either by much rain, or by severe drought. 

 In such cases, the prudent farmer, before the wet season 

 commences, should plough such land as is in the greatest 

 danger of being injured by too much wet; and before the 

 dry period of the year sets in, he should till such land as is 

 in the greatest danger of being rendered unfit for ploughing 

 by too much drought. The season between seed-time and 

 winter may be well occupied in ploughing heavy soils, in- 

 tended to be laid down with beans, oats, barley, and other 

 spring crops, by means of the scarifier. On farms where 

 these rules are attended to, there is always some land in a 

 proper condition to be ploughed ; and there is never any 

 necessity, either for delaying the work, or performing it im- 

 properly. 



5. Every means should be thought of, to diminish labour, 

 or to increase its power. For instance, by proper arrange- 

 ment, five horses may do as much labour as six perform, 

 according to the usual mode of employing them. One horse 

 may be employed in carting turnips during winter, or in 

 other necessary farm work at other seasons, without the ne- 



