Farm- Building ft and Cottages. 135 



of warmth, and the door should be so high, as to admit a 

 man easily. 



In regard to the houses of farm-servants, they should be 

 situated at a convenient distance from the offices, and have 

 a small garden attached to each of them. In the improved 

 districts of Scotland, married servants are commonly per- 

 mitted to have cows and pigs ; and where their cows are not 

 kept with those of their master, in the cow-house of the 

 farm, sheds are placed for them, either against the back 

 wall, or at the end of the range of cottages where these ser- 

 vants reside ( z34 ). The cottages of day-labourers in Scot- 

 land, are of a similar description with those of the farmer's 

 servants ; but in England, they are often constructed with 

 peculiar neatness and attention. 



Cottages are built either with two floors, or with only one. 

 The former mode is very general in England, the latter is 

 more prevalent in Scotland, cottages with a single floor being 

 supposed warmer, and less liable to have the roofs damaged 

 by the violent winds so frequent in that country. 



For the sake of economy, cottages are usually erected in 

 a line, by which mode, one gable answers for two cottages. 

 The inhabitants of cottages, also, when they are contiguous, 

 can furnish assistance to each other, in cases of accident or 

 sickness. 



Wherever there are quarries of thin flat stones ( a35 ), and 

 materials for common roofs are dear, cottages with arched 

 roofs have been recommended ( a36 ). They are not only 

 dry, warm, and comfortable, but, when once erected, likely 

 to last for many years (* 31 ). Where slates cannot be obtain- 

 ed at a low price, a coat of Roman cement, plastered over 

 the arched roof, will preserve the building equally dry and 

 durable (* 38 ). 



Where cottages have upper chambers, and thin roofs of 

 tile or slate, they are so excessively hot in summer, and so 

 very cold in winter, as to be scarcely habitable. If there 

 are upper chambers therefore, some are inclined to prefer a 

 thatched roof( z39 ). Were it not for the tax on bricks, 

 arched roofs might be made of them, at a moderate expense, 

 and not liable to any particular objection. 



8. By whom farm-buildings ought to be erected. The va- 

 lue of an estate is so considerably augmented by commo- ' 

 dious buildings, that the owner, who has a permanent inte- 

 rest in the soil, ought to be at the expense of making so 

 substantial an improvement. But this cannot in some cases 

 be effected, where the estate is entailed, and the owner 



