1 4-0 Command of Water. 



ed into the North Riding, in situations that require such ac- 

 commodations ( Z6 ). A description of this useful discovery 

 will be given in the Appendix, No. XI. 



Ponds are much more eligible than wells for watering 

 stock, the water being considered more wholesome, ami much 

 labour being saved. Few servants like the trouble of draw- 

 ing water from wells. When stock, therefore, depend upon 

 water from wells, they are likely to have too much water at 

 one time, and to be ill supplied at another. Ponds for stock, 

 are best situated on elevated situations, being then less apt 

 to be injured by dirt running into them ( 261 )- 



5. Artificial rills. In the North Riding of Yorkshire there 

 is a tract, extending for many miles, entirely destitute of wa- 

 ter, except what flows along the bottoms of the deep valleys 

 by which it is intersected, and little relief could consequent- 

 ly be afforded by streams thus distantly and inconveniently 

 situated, to the inhabitants of the uplands, or their cattle. 

 About the year 1770, a person of the name of Ford, devis- 

 ed the means of watering this district, by means of rills 

 brought from the springs that break out at the foot of the 

 still loftier moorland hills, which run parallel to, and to the 

 north of this tract, in some instances at the distance of about 

 ten miles. 



These springs he collected into one channel, which he car- 

 ried, in a winding direction, about the intervening tract, ac- 

 cording to its level, and along the sides of the valleys, until 

 he gained the summit of the arid country, which he wished 

 to supply with water ; and when this was accomplished, the 

 water was easily conveyed to the places desired, and also to 

 the ponds in all the fields over a considerable tract of ground. 



The plan of thus watering a dry upland country, has much 

 merit. It is not expensive, the original charge rnrely ex- 

 ceeding L.100 per rill, while it affords a most important ac- 

 commodation to the occupier, and the value of the property 

 is thereby greatly increased. Though not generally appli- 

 cable, this plan might certainly be adopted with great ad- 

 vantage, in some situations ( a64 ). 



It remains to state, how farm-yards and fields may best be 

 supplied with water, in the abundance that is necessary. 



Water in farm-yards. When cattle are fed in winter on 

 dry food, as hay or straw, no expense should be spared in 

 supplying them with a sufficient quantity of water. It has 

 been ascertained, that a bullock feeding upon straw, having 

 water at command, will drink of it eight times a-day ; hence 

 it is evident, that he cannot get enough, if only driven twice 



