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This is done, partly with the view of preventing the soil and 

 manure from being washed down, and partly from the idea, 

 that it is easier for the cattle to work it. But unless the 

 subsoil is porous, it detains the water in the furrows. It is 

 likewise an awkward mode of cultivation, if the common 

 plough is used ; and if a plough with a shifting mould-board, 

 (usually called a turn-wrest plough), is employed, it always 

 throws the furrow-slice down hill, and consequently brings 

 lower and lower, the staple of the soil. 



2. When the Ridges are straight up and down. 



This is objected to on the ground that the soil and ma- 

 nure are both apt to be washed down, and when the plough 

 is going up the declivity, the earth makes such a resistance, 

 that the cattle have great difficulty in dragging the plough 

 up the hill. 



3. From the top of the Bank sloping to the left. 



This mode also does not answer, for when the plough is 

 going up, the ploughman has to force the earth against the 

 hill, which makes but very imperfect work ; and it does great 

 injury to the cattle. 



4*. From the top of the Bank sloping to the right. 



When the ridges are laid in this manner, the horses have 

 a better footing, and the ground always falls from the plough, 

 as it goes upwards, without any great exertions on the part 



