450 Of Gardens. 



sown between the rows of pease in spring, to remain for crop 

 after the haum of the pease has been cleared off the ground. 



3d Rotation. Early turnips, sown in March or April ; the 

 ground cleared in June or July, well manured, and sown with 

 onions, spinage, and lettuce, for winter and spring use ( 4 * 3 ). 



The average produce of land, cultivated under these rota- 

 tions, is at the rate of from L.40 to L.45 per acre. The 

 expense of manure and labour is very great, and without un- 

 remitting attention and industry, the market-gardener could 

 not make his business a profitable concern, or even maintain 

 his family with advantage ( 4 * 4 ). 



4. Field-Gardens cultivated by the Plough. Some garden- 

 ers occupy a large extent of land, and using agricultural im- 

 plements, are distinguished by the name of " Farming Gar- 

 " deners." There are not less than 8000 acres in all, in the 

 neighbourhood of London, cultivated by such gardeners, and 

 principally by the plough, instead of the spade ( 4ZS ). Their 

 crops commonly are, 1. Early pease, sown in January or Fe- 

 bruary, the price and produce of which vary, but the average 

 may be stated at 40 sacks (four bushels each, in their pods), 

 at 7s. 6d. per sack, or L.15. The haum of these early pease, 

 is nearly equal to hay, and may be moderately stated at L.3 ; 

 hence that crop produces L.I 8 in all. 2. The ground is 

 cleared from the pease in June or July, and sown with tur- 

 nips, which produce above L.20 per acre, when sold in the 

 markets of the metropolis for immediate consumption. 3. 

 When the turnips are sold off, the ground is again ploughed, 

 and planted with collards, or coleworts. If the pease are late, 

 they are generally succeeded by a crop of savoys, or of late 

 cabbages. The annual average produce of land cultivated in 

 this manner, may be stated at L.50 per acre. 



The rent of land thus cultivated, does not in general ex- 

 ceed from L.3 to L.5 per acre ; for though the labour is 

 cheaper, yet the articles raised by plough culture, are ge- 

 nerally large, as cabbages, carrots, turnips, potatoes, cole- 

 worts, savoys, &c. and being of great weight, are expen- 

 sive to convey. Articles of common produce also, will not 

 command such prices as the finer sorts, consequently the re- 

 turns are not in proportion to the difference of expense, be- 

 tween plough and spade culture ( 4 * 6 ). 



Sometimes farming gardeners raise not only vegetables, 

 but grain and grass, in which case, after a crop of early pota- 

 toes, and then turnips in the same year, wheat is sown with 

 clover. This is considered to be the most profitable plan that 

 can be pursued by farming gardeners, from the saving in the 



