458 Of Orchards. 



the apple or the pear, when the liquors they afford shall reach 

 their greatest state of perfection ( 454 ). 



The points next to be considered, are, 1. The kinds, of fruit- 

 trees raised in orchards ; 2. The distance at which they are 

 planted ; 3. The rent given ; 4. The produce ; 5. The under- 

 crops; 6. The stock that are kept in them; and, 7. Some 

 particulars regarding the mode of management. 



1. Sorts of Trees. For general orchards, in this country, 

 the apple and the pear must be the prevailing trees. Of both 

 there are numerous sorts, of various excellence. Apples that 

 keep long, and are of good appearance, most readily find a 

 market. Among these may be mentioned, the Ribston pip- 

 pin, the nonpareil, the Norfolk beaufin, the nonsuch, straw- 

 berry-apple, paradise pippin, Yorkshire greening, fulwood, 

 red-sweet, Gogar pippin, Eve apple, Irish crofton, Blenheim 

 pippin, and the Downton pippin, with various pearmains, rus- 

 sets, courtpendus, &c. For cider orchards the following are 

 some of the best : the red-streak, cat's-head, coccagee styre, 

 Hagloe crab, gennet-moyle, royal wilding and white-sour. 

 Early pears are in demand near all large towns, and pay well 

 as common dessert fruit ; such are the Crawford or Lammas, 

 Carnock or Drummond, jargonelle or cuisse madame, green 

 chisel, green Yair, the premature or citron des Cannes,, golden 

 knap, muirfowl egg, swan egg, seckle, &c. For perry or- 

 chards, the greatest bearers, and most juicy, though austere 

 sorts, are to be preferred. 



Besides the pear and the apple, several other fruit-trees are 

 raised in orchards. Of these, cherries are, in some districts, as 

 in Kent and Hertfordshire, the most abundant. They begin 

 to bear about ten years after they are planted ; and on an ave- 

 rage, they will produce annually, about six dozen of pounds, 

 from the tenth till they reach their twentieth year. A full 

 grown tree will produce 50 dozen of pounds in a good year. 

 The price varies from lOd. to 3s. per dozen of pounds. At 

 2s. per dozen of pounds, a tree would yield L.5 per annum. 

 The gathering gives considerable employment to the poor( 455 ). 

 Some orchards in Kent, have Spanish chestnuts planted in them. 

 The produce is extremely uncertain, though very profitable in 

 good seasons ( 456 ). Walnut trees are likewise to be met with, 

 and are calculated to yield about L.5, 5s. per tree per an- 

 num ( 457 ). Filberts, under proper management, are a profit- 

 able crop in an orchard, but they are supposed to be great im- 

 poverishers of the ground ( 458 ). Plums are sometimes raised 

 with advantage near good markets ( 459 ). Where apples thrive, 

 as in the counties of Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall, other 

 fruits are too apt to be neglected. 



