18 NOTES. 



cattle, in the North Devon, and in the wild cattle of Chillingham Park, 

 that the offspring, for an indefinite number of generations, have borne the same 

 general characters. Observations by C. Mason, Esq. of Clifton, Co. Durham. 



1 07 Sir John S. Sebright's Essay, p. 7. Incessant care and attention, how- 

 ever, are necessary, to keep them up to the mark ; and this is rather fortunate 

 than otherwise, since it perpetuates the merit of breeders, and the competition 

 of stock. 



108 Young's Lecture, p. 9. 



109 It having been found, that this system produced animals quite deficient 

 in vigour, those who are now possessed of a capital stock, keep two or three 

 streams of blood, quite distinct, that they may avoid a consanguinity. 



110 Sir John S. Sebright's Essay, p. 13. Paper by Henry Cline, Esq. 

 Comm. to the Board of Agriculture, vol. iv. p. 442. 



111 Paper by T. A. Knight, Esq. Comm. to the Board of Agriculture, 

 vol. ii. p. 185. These dwarfish males however, may not have an injurious ef- 

 fect on the stock of another person, especially the first cross, if the females be 

 of a coarser quality, and, on Mr Cline's principle, if they are of a larger size 

 than the males put to them. 



1 1 2 Paper by T. A. Knight, Esq. Comm. to the Board of Agriculture, vol. 

 ii. p. 185. 



113 Sir John S. Sebright's Essay, p. 13. 



1 14 Paper by T. A. Knight, Esq. Comm. to the Board of Agriculture, vol. 

 ii. p. 186. 



115 Husbandry of Scotland, vol. ii. Appendix, p. 109. The same rule 

 holds good regarding the human species. By a train of unfortunate circum- 

 stances, a brother and sister german, ignorant of their consanguinity, were 

 married. They had ten children, all of whom died before their parents. 



116 Paper by T. A. Knight, Esq. Comm. vol. ii. p. 172. 



117 Sir John S. Sebright on improving the Breeds of Domestic Animals, 

 p. 1 1 and 1 4. 



118 General Report of Scotland, vol. iii. p. 17. 



119 Husbandry of Scotland, vol. ii. Appendix, p. 109. 



120 Paper by Henry Cline, Esq. Communications to the Board of Agri- 

 culture, vol. iv. p. 445. This appears to be an important rule. 



121 A single cross, without breeding from either the males or the females 

 thus produced, is often more profitable than the pure breed ; but if the cross- 

 ing is continued, many inferior animals will be found in a flock. Hence it is, 

 that improving a breed already established, by judicious selection, is to be pre- 

 ferred with a view to permanent advantage. 



122 Mr Cline's doctrine has been much misunderstood. He does not require 

 that the female should be larger than the male, but larger in size, than is usual- 

 ly the proportion between females and males. Communications to the Board 

 of Agriculture, &c. vol. iv. p. 440. "Where the female is too small, or the 

 male too large, the offspring is generally ill- shaped. A gentleman in Forfar- 

 shire rears an excellent breed, by crossing the large Angus cows with a small 

 Highland bull from Lochaber. 



123 Dr Parry's Paper, in the Communications to the Board of Agriculture, 

 vol. v. p. 339. This would be the case, if the sheep got as much salt as the 

 Merinos are supplied with in Spain, as salt has a peculiar property in impro- 

 ving the pile of all animals. 



124 Communications to the Board of Agriculture, vol. ii. p. 178. 



125 Answers by T. A. Knight, Esq. Husbandry of Scotland, vol. ii Ap- 

 pendix, p. 104. 



126 See Letter from the celebrated farmer, Mr Robert Colling, to Sir John 

 Sinclair, Fanner's Magazine, vol. xv. p. 61. Mr Cline is of that opinion. He 

 observes, that if a hornless ram be put to horned ewes, almost all the lambs 

 will be hornless. 



