NOTES. 21 



other in this kingdom." This proves the period of the introduction of these 

 implements into Scotland. 



163 In the transactions of the Highland Society of Scotland, vol. iv. p. 245, 

 there is a favourable report of Veitch's improved plough, with an engraving of 

 it. It is longer than Small's plough, and more likely, on that account, to be 

 adopted in England, where length is preferred. An improvement in the 

 plough-ear, or mould-board, of swing ploughs, has been recommended by the 

 celebrated Jefferson, formerly President of the United States of America, who 

 has cultivated the mechanical branches-of agriculture with much success. A 

 particular description of it is to be found in Brown's Treatise on Rural Affairs, 

 vol. i. p. 260. The plan was tried, at the desire of the Board of Agriculture, 

 by C. C. Western, Esq. M.P- of Felix Hall, in Essex ; when it appeared, that 

 it was constructed on a new and very ingenious principle. It was found, how- 

 ever, liable to this objection, that from the concavity, or flatness in the fore part 

 of the breast, the loose earth of the furrow was apt to rest upon it. Essex Re- 

 port, vol. i. p. 138. See a valuable paper on the plough, in the Quarterly 

 Journal of Agriculture, No. 4, p. 409, February 1829. 



1G4, Middlesex Report, p. 96. 



1 65 Derbyshire Report, vol. i. p. 48. 



166 The edges should not be sharp, as they would cut the root-weeds, and 

 render it more difficult to collect them. 



1 67 Middlesex Report, p. 66. 



168 There is a particular account of the introduction of the grubber or scari- 

 fier into Scotland, in the Transactions of the Highland Society, vol. iv. p. 549. 

 Mr Fellenberg, the celebrated Swiss agriculturist, has sent to the Board of 

 Agriculture, the model of a scarifier, with the coulters extremely bent, and 

 without wheels, consequently the machine would be much cheaper, if, upon 

 trial, it were found equally effectual. 



169 See Communication from Mr Robert Hope, of Fenton, in East Lothian. 

 Appendix, No. V. He there observes, that the plough is necessary in fal- 

 lows, to eradicate thistles, from the fast hold they take of the ground ; but the 

 grubber will extirpate every other root-weed. In soils where it is likely to be 

 choked, the number of coulters should be diminished. 



1 70 Suffolk Report, p. 36. 



171 Warwickshire Report, p. 60. 



172 Surrey Report, p. 140. 



173 Durham Report, p. 85. The Hertfordshire practice of sowing under 

 furrow, is described in the County Report. 



174 From Lowthrop's Abridgment of the Philosophical Transactions, vol. ii. 

 p. 738, it appears that a Sembrador, or drill-machine, was invented in Spain, 

 prior to the year 1663. They were of still greater antiquity in the East Indies. 



175 In Mr Brown of Markle's valuable work, " Treatise on Rural Affairs," 

 vol. i. p. 296, &c. there is a good account of Mr Bailey's drill-machine. 



176 Dr Rigby's Report on the Husbandry of Holkham, p. 53. 



177 There is a particular description of this drill barrow, accompanied with 

 a plate, Appendix, No. IX. It is a most valuable instrument on small farms. 



178 More complicated machines have been invented, as " the self-sowing 

 dibble," &c. ; but the simple one is generally preferred. 



179 In this case, the dibble has an injurious effect, by placing the seed in a 

 h'ollow pot, which collects and retains moisture ; and encircling it in a socket 

 of so tenacious a material as clay, through which water cannot percolate, or by 

 any means be discharged, it stints the growth of the plant, and often causes the 

 seed to decay before it vegetates. Remark by the Rev. Robert Hoblyn. 



180 Gloucestershire Report, p. 125 and 129. 



181 Vide Chap. IV. Sector "V" fTt- 



182 The Right HonourableSir tJeorge Rose, Bart, has great merit, for his 

 exertions to establish the use of this implement in Hampshire. 



1 83 A machine for that purpose, has been invented by Mr Smith, near Dum- 



