32 NOTES. 



125 Young's Calendar, p. 45, 86, 160, 220, 459, and 468. Too much at- 

 tendon cannot be paid to water-furrowing strong land. 



126 General Report of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 462. 



127 Worcestershire Report, p. 191. 



128 General Report of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 450. 



129 Leatham's East Riding Report, p. 22. 



130 General Report of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 499. In the border districts, 

 they consider March, to be the best period of the year for determining the pro- 

 per line of a drain. In that month, if it be dry, the distinction between the na- 

 turally wet and dry parts of a ploughed field, is more palpable than at any other 

 season of the year. In that month, accordingly, it is the practice in the border 

 counties, both to mark out, and to work, the drains, while the land is under pre- 

 paration for turnips. But the same plan would not be equally suitable to wet 

 and heavy soils. 



151 Young's Calendar, p. 30. 

 1-32 Essex Report, vol. ii. p. 169. 



133 They are made by digging a trench of a proper width, not less than 

 three feet deep, and if the last spit is taken out by the narrow under-draining 

 spade, a shoulder is left on each side, upon which a sod or turf is laid, grass- 

 side downwards, and the mould thrown in over it. These are the least ex- 

 pensive drains of any, and may continue hollow, and discharge well, for many 

 years. 



134 A drain is dug to the necessary depth, as narrow as possible, in which 

 is laid a smooth round piece of wood, ten or twelve feet long, five inches in 

 diameter at one end, and six at the other, to which a ring and rope are fast- 

 ened. After strewing a little sand in the bottom of the drain, and on the up- 

 per side of the tree, the toughest part of the stuff thrown out of the trench, is 

 first laid in upon it, and then the remainder firmly trodden down. By means 

 of the ring and rope, the tree is drawn to within a foot or two of the small, or 

 hinder end, and the same operation is repeated. Such a piece of wood dragged 

 along water-furrows, would be of much use in giving a proper shape. This 

 may convey water from a spring through a field, to an outlet ; but if the pipe is 

 formed of clay, no water can get through that clay, into the conduit, in its course. 



135 Marshall, in his Midland Counties, vol. i. p. 139, gives a particular 

 detail of turf-draining, which he greatly prefers to the Essex method of busk-drain- 

 ing) by which the drain is filled with perishable materials. 



136 Middlesex Report, p. 292. 



137 Essex Report, vol. ii. p. 169. 



138 Derbyshire Report, vol. ij. p. 397. 



139 Marshall on Landed Property, p. 107. 



140 This plant, (the equisetum palustre), was first noticed by Mr Farey, in 

 the drains near Woburn Abbey. A description of it is given by Sir Joseph 

 Banks, in the Communications to the Board of Agriculture, vol. ii. p. 349. 

 It belongs to the genus " Conferva." 



141 Marshall on Landed Property, p. 98. 



142 Brown's Treatise on Rural Improvements, vol. ii. p. 256. 



143 General Report of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 457. 



144 Holt's Lancashire, p. 33, and p. 107. 



145 Middlesex Report, p. 289. 



146 Young's Calendar, p. 35. 



147 The apparatus is described in Rudge's Gloucestershire, p. 261. 



148 Leatham's East Riding Report, p. 30. 



149 In fen countries, called a " Hodding spade," from its use in digging peats 

 for firing. These, of a certain size and shape, are called " Hods." 



150 There is a particular description of this process, with engravings, in the 

 General Report of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 492. See also Derbyshire Report, 

 vol. i. p. 318. 



