50 NOTES. 



tingdonshire, as well as in the clay and flints of Hertfordshire. He never lost 

 a crop by it, but has met with unvaried success ; and he is clearly of opinion, 

 that the propriety of deep ploughing, ought not to be made a question, but re- 

 ceived as an admitted truth. Herts Report, p. 60. The farming gardeners 

 near London, act upon the same system, with great success. They plough to 

 the depth of from ten to twelve inches for cabbages and other crops, with imple- 

 ments made on purpose, and with from six to eight powerful horses. Communi- 

 cation from John Middleton, Esq. Mr Marshall has known a succession of 

 shallow ploughing farmers beggared on a stiff- land farm ; and their successors, 

 by deeper tillage, make a farmer's fortune upon it. Review of the Eastern De- 

 partment, p. 539. Great caution however must be used, where the substratum 

 is of an unfertile quality. 



12 Communications from Mr Gascoigne. 



13 This is most effectually done by the process called ribbing ; but the leaving 

 the lower part of the triangle untouched, where the field is only partially plough- 

 ed, is much objected to. 



14 This is the general, if not the universal opinion of the Scotch farmers. 

 The angle of 45 degrees is strongly recommended in Bailey's Essay on the Con- 

 struction of the plough, in his Durham Report, p. 102, and in Brown's Treatise 

 on Rural Affairs, vol. i. p. 219. By the alterations made by Wilkie in Small's 

 plough, the furrow-slice sets up a bolder shoulder, and thus, when operated up- 

 on by the harrows, raises more mould, and covers the seed better than formerly. 



15 Communication from John Middleton, Esq. 



16 In Middlesex, these corn stubbles, if tolerably clean, are frequently sown 

 with tares. Communication from John Middleton, Esq. 



17 Warwickshire Report, p. 67. When ploughing two yokings, the horses 

 must be less fatigued, as post-horses, when driven 30 miles in a day, are better 

 able to perform their work in two stages, than in one. 



18 Husbandry of Scotland, vol. i. p. 225 ; Leicestershire Report, p. 87. 



19 Kent's Norfolk, p. 37. Marshall says, that the common day's work, ex- 

 cept in wheat seed-time, is two acres ; a fact, he adds, which nothing but actual 

 observation could have taught him to believe. Norfolk, vol. i. p. 139. 



20 Marshall's Norfolk, vol. i. p. 139. 



2 1 A furrow-slice of this great width, will always be completely turned up- 

 side down. 



22 Communication from Mr Blaikie at Holkham, in Norfolk. They fre- 

 quently change their horses in the middle of the day, and then plough from an 

 acre and a half, to two acres, with the same plough and ploughman. In the 

 heavy part of Norfolk, the quantity is only about an acre per day. 



23 In one instance specified in the Middlesex Report, p. 130, the expense is 

 estimated at 27s. per acre, for one bad ploughing ; but that is a singular cir- 

 cumstance. 



24 Marshall's Norfolk, vol. i. p. 1 43. 



25 Middlesex Report, p. 1 04. 



26 It is only within these few years, that the farmers in many parts of Ire- 

 land have been convinced, that strong soils can be effectually worked, by two 

 horses, and a well-constructed plough ; but latterly, seldom more than this num- 

 ber is used for this purpose, except when summer fallowing strong soils. 



27 Observation made by Mr Middleton. 



28 Horse-hoeing Husbandry, 2d edit. p. 43. 



29 Mr Middleton observes, that where ridges are broad and high, this bene- 

 ficial operation is prevented. 



30 Communications to the Board of Agriculture, vol. iv. p. 147. 



31 Wiltshire Report, p. 52. 



32 In Ireland, the various ploughing matches, encouraged by the Farming 

 Society, have been a chief means of forwarding the improved agriculture of the 

 country. Remark by the Rev. Thomas Radcliff. 



