NOTES. 75 



Mr Holdich, under the name of " Russell- Grass," of which considerable ex- 

 pectations are formed. 



386 Communications to the Board of Agriculture, vol. iv. p. 203, and 210. 



387 Communications to the Board of Agriculture, vol. iv. p. 21O. Mr 

 Curwen thus estimates the profit derivable from milch tattle. On an average, 

 each cow, of a good breed, and properly fed, will produce 3739 quarts per an- 

 num, which at yd. per quart, is L.30 : 3 : 2 per cow. The feeding may cost 

 lOd. per day, or L. 15 : 4 : 2 per annum. The interest of capital, risk, insu- 

 rance, may be stated at L.3. Hence the clear profit from the cow alone, is above 

 Li. 12 per annum, exclusive of the calf. Allowance is made, in this estimate, 

 for the losses which must unavoidably happen. 



388 Communications to the Board of Agriculture, vol. iii. p. 138. 



389 This observation is made by Mr Wright, of Ranby, near Retford. 

 Comm. vol. iii. p. 505. The crop of clover, however, often fails, not from de- 

 ficiency of seed, but from defective cultivation, and want of management. The 

 seeds should always be bush-harrowed, and rolled after being sown, according 

 to the nature of the soil, and other circumstances. 



390 Davis of Longleat's Essay ; Communications to the Board of Agricul- 

 ture, vol. iii. p. 95. 



391 Marshall's Gloucestershire, vol. i. p. 81. 



392 The convertible system of husbandry is much approved of in Northum- 

 berland. In light soils the rotation is, 1. Turnips, drilled. 2. Barley, or wheat, 

 drilled. 3. Clover and grass seeds, pastured, at first, partly with cattle, but 

 principally with sheep, but afterwards pastured by sheep alone, for three or more 

 years ; then oats. On strong land, the same plan is pursued, substituting fal- 

 low or beans, instead of the turnip crop. Under this system, the land never 

 refuses to produce abundant crops of all these several articles. 



393 Brown's Treatise on Rural Affairs, vol. ii. p. 197. Doctor Coventry 

 supports these doctrines in the following terms : The keeping of ground for 

 too long a period, in a state of ley, or under grass, is an error arising from a 

 predilection for grass-land, particularly if inclosed. In many parts of the coun- 

 try, this has given rise to a singular combination of profusion and remissness in 

 the treatment of lands lying adjacent, and in every respect equally well adapted 

 for regular and proper culture. Coventry's Discourses, p. 16. 



394 It appears, from the most careful researches, that potatoes will produce, 

 on an average, per statute acre, from 10 to 13 ton weight of food, fit for the hu- 

 man species. Wheat, after deducting seed, will produce, about 21 bushels per 

 acre, or 124O Ibs. in weight. Whereas, the quantity of animal food produced 

 on an acre, when grazed, will only be about 180 Ibs., and even under the dairy 

 system, which is more productive, will rarely exceed 24O Ibs, See Communica- 

 tions to the Board of Agriculture, vol. vii. p. 47. The same weight of animal 

 food, however, goes farther, than of vegetable, and it is raised at less expense. 



395 Brown's Treatise on Rural Affairs, vol. ii. p. 200. In England, unfor- 

 tunately, the alternate system of husbandry, cannot be gent-rally adopted, until 

 the property of the landlord, is more distinctly protected from injury, either by 

 an act of the legislature, or the decisions of the courts of law, enforcing cove- 

 nants. 



396 The lower orders of the Irish, who are a strong and handsome race of 

 people, live almost entirely upon potatoes, with the addition of buttermilk. The 

 ancient Romans lived much upon turnips. 



397 This is done by tying them up, by which their colour is improved ; 

 any acrimonious bitterness in the plant is prevented ; and they are rendered 

 more tender for eating. 



398 Perhaps the proper boiling pea may be an exception. 



399 Middlesex Report, p. 265. 



400 It is incredible how much the middling and lower orders live upon ve- 

 getables in the summer and autumn. In these seasons, it is supposed that the 

 gardens feed more people than the fields. ~Ly sons' Environs of London, vol. i. 

 p. 28. 



