NOTES. 81 



being spread on a pavement to dry, for three or four hours, they are put iu 

 wooden casks, or in pits covered first with straw, and then with clay or earth. 

 There is no dry food on which cattle and sheep thrive better, than on leaves 

 well preserved. Professor Symondi Communication, Annals of Agriculture, 

 vol. i. p. 207. The sheep of Sweden, who are kept seven months in the house, 

 have one meal every day, of the leaves of the birch, the willow, &c. Commu- 

 nications to the Board of Agriculture, vol. i. p. 315. The late Sir Cevil Wray 

 found, that the boughs of the Scotch fir, given to sheep in snow, saved much 

 hay, and kept deer perfectly well in winter. Lincolnshire Report, p. 216. 



495 Kent Report, p. 146. 



496 Sussex Report, p. 184, 185. 



497 West Riding Report, p. 129. 



498 Staffordshire Report, p. 99. In Flanders, barren lands have been plant- 

 ed in general with the Scotch fir, principally with a view of supplying them 

 with the materials of future cultivation. It has been found, that in thirty five 

 years, an arable soil of from five to six inches thick, is formed from the decay- 

 ed leaves. If the trees are then cut down, and young ones planted, (for young 

 trees produce the greatest quantity of leaves), the vegetable mould will become 

 a foot in depth, and may then be cultivated in perpetual rotation, with all the 

 various crops raised in the neighbourhood. This is certainly a tedious mode, 

 but there is a profit from the trees in the interim, joined to the prospect of fu- 

 ture improvement. 



499 General Report of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 249. 



500 Herts Report, p. 145. 



501 Kent Report, p. 145. This is about L. 10 per acre per annum, from 

 which deduct taxes and other burdens, and it stills remains very profitable. 



502 Kent Report, p. 146. 



503 In many cases, the successful growth of forest trees, depends more on 

 the underground, than on the soil itself. The latter is principally of use in the 

 early stages of the growth, but ultimate perfection entirely depends on the 

 nature of the subsoil, its depth, soundness and moisture. Poor sandy soils in 

 Norfolk, not fit for corn, and producing nothing but bent grass, will yield 

 thriving timber, if the subsoils are loamy. In some parts of France, soils in- 

 capable of producing crops of corn, are clothed with luxuriant timber.- See 

 Young's Travels in France. 



504 Staffordshire Report, p. 98. 



505 Somerset Report, p. 129. 



506 Somerset Report, p. 229. But when cut only once in 20 years, it re- 

 duces the real annual produce to half the nominal produce, or from 20s. to 

 10s., and this subject to taxes and other deductions, which would diminish the 

 real to about one-third of the nominal produce. 



507 Somerset Report, p. 235. In a note to p. 234, it it stated, that Mr 

 Parsons, of West Camel, had greatly improved such wet clay soils, by burning 

 all the earth and clay he could find in his ditches, with wood, and reducing 

 them into a pulverized state. He mixed the whole with any manure he could 

 command, and spread it with great advantage, on either arable or pasture land. 



508 Marshall's Review of the Northern Department, p. 224, 225. 



509 Derbyshire Report, vol. ii. p. 224, and 225. 



510 Wilts Report, p. 86. 



511 Somerset Report, p. 128. 



512 If compound interest were allowed, as it ought to be, the comparison 

 would be much in favour of cultivation. Deduct taxes and other burdens, and 

 from 17s. it would be reduced to 10s., and when the profits of a tenant are 

 considered, it is supposed that a rent of 10s. is as much as could be obtained. 

 Remark by John Middleton, Esq. 



515 Lincoln Report, p. 217. Marshall's Review of the Eastern Depart - 

 ment, p. 12. 



514 West Riding Report, p. 128. This is about Sis. per acre, which is 

 equal to about 20s. clear of taxes. Mr Surties, of Newbigging, obtains up- 



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