116 On the different Kinds of Cattle Farms, 



mother. It is said that Mr Bake well had two nurses for some of his 

 favourite stock. On the other hand, in the north of England, where 

 rearing a number of cattle is the object, they sometimes put two 

 calves to one cow. Hay tea * is sometimes given them, and in spring, 

 eggs when they are cneap ; but linseed is the best substitute for milk. 

 The calves are served with linseed twice a day, at the rate of an 

 English pint of linseed, and twelve quarts of milk, for twelve calves, 

 which, with thirty-six quarts of water, is boiled into a jelly ; a gallon 

 of this soup is given to each calf twice a day. The linseed should 

 be crushed. 



2. Grazing Farms. 



Grazing occupations are chiefly employed in fattening stock for the 

 market* 



Some graziers have adopted the following mode of feeding stock : 

 Suppose there are four inclosures, of from six to ten acres each, one 

 of them is kept quite free from stock, till the grass has got up; and 

 then the prime or fatting cattle is put into it, that they may get the 

 best of the produce; the second best should then follow, and the 

 young store after all, making the whole feed over the four inclosures 

 in succession, as follows : 



1. Inclosure. Free from stock, till ready for the best cattle, 



2. Ditto, For the best cattle, till sent to No. 1. 



3. Ditto. For the second best, till sent to No. 2. 



4. Ditto. For the young cattle, till sent to No. 3. 



Thus, one inclosure is kept free from stock, till the grass gets up, and 

 it is ready for the prime cattle. 



The proper size of inclosures, has never yet been ascertained by 

 experiment. From ten to thirty acres are in general to be recom- 

 mended. But the size should be various, as small inclosures are best 

 in winter, and large ones in summer ; and small ones are better cal- 

 culated for grass, and large ones for corn. Mr Bakewell was a friend 

 to small inclosures. Probably the best plan to adopt is, to feed cattle 

 entirely in the house, or soiling them, as it is technically called. In 

 that case, small inclosures would be preferred, as the shelter which 

 they afford, is extremely favourable to the growth of herbage. 



The larger a bullock is, he must take the more food to support 



* The following receipt for making hay tea, has been tried with success in the 

 north of England. Take a large handful, or about 1 Ib. of red clover hay, 

 well got in, and 6 English quarts of clear spring water; boil the hay in the 

 water until it is reduced to 4 quarts ; then take out the hay, and mix 1 Ib. of 

 barley, oat, or bean meal, among a little water ; put it into the pot or caul- 

 dron whilst it is boiling ; keep the whole constantly stirring, until it is boiled 

 and thickened. Let it cool to be lukewarm ; then give it to the calf, adding as 

 much whey as will make a sufficient meal. This is a cheap mode of rearing 

 calves, and may answer the purpose as well as more costly ingredients. In this 

 way, the valuable article of milk may be saved for other purposes. 



