Explanations of the Plates. 



M N, the muzzle or. bridle, placed upon a bolt that passes through a hole 

 in its arms, and fore-end of the beam at A, on which bolt it has liberty to 

 turn, to give the plough a greater or less hold of the ground. NO, a 

 cross, fixed on the back part of the bridle, having different holes, to re- 

 ceive a bolt that passes through any of them, and a hole in the beam ; by 

 this bolt the bridle is kept steady, when placed in the proper position, for 

 causing the plough to penetrate to the intended depth in the ground. P R, 

 the swing or cross trees, and chain of draught, attached at M to the beam. 



No. 2. This is a plan, or bird's-eye view of the same plough. A B, repre- 

 sent the beam ; B C, the larger handle ; and D, the lesser handle fastened 

 to the larger one by the rods LM, which hold them at a proper distance 

 from one another. G D, the lower edge, and IH, the upper edge of the 

 mould-board; F G, the sock and feather; N B, the bridle, placed upon a 

 bolt which passes through a hole in its arms, and the fore part of the beam 

 at O, by which it is attached to the beam ; R S, the larger cross or swing- 

 tree, fixed by a chain to the fore-part of the bridle N, having several holes, 

 into any one of which the draught may be fixed, according as the furrow- 

 slice is required broad or narrow. TU V, the lesser swing-trees, attached 

 at R S, by iron chains, to the larger one, and to them, the cattle are yoked 

 when ploughing. 



No. 3. Shews the angle at which the furrow-slice is placed, when this 

 sort of plough is made use of. 



No. 4. Plan, or bird's eye view of a grubber, with eleven shares. A B C D, 

 represent a strong wooden frame, into which the arms of the shares, or 

 claws are inserted, and secured on its upper side by screw nuts, so that 

 they may easily be taken out when requiring repair, and to increase or 

 diminish their number at any time, if found necessary. E G, represent five, 

 and H six, of the shares placed so as to move at equal distances from each 

 other : by which they cut up the weeds in their progress, and loosen the 

 soil a few inches deep. I K, and L M, the shafts, or timber^, by which the 

 machine is drawn. N O, and PR, are two wheels, that revolve upon the 

 iron arms 2 and 3, which arms are fixed by screw-bolts on the wooden 

 axle, at the ends K and M. The regulating beam U V, is fastened upon 

 this frame, at Q and V, with screw-bolts, and attached to the axle at U, 

 by an iron bridle. K W, and M Y, are two chains, fastened to the shafts 

 at K and M, their other ends passing through holes in the side rail of the 

 frame at W and Y, in which they are secured by screw-nuts. These chains 

 yield, and allow the shares to rise up or down, according to the inequality 

 of the land. S and T, are two cylinders, the pivots of which turn in the 

 lower part of iron arms, which can easily be shifted either up or down, in 

 order to regulate the depth to which the shares are intended to penetrate 

 in the soil. 



No. 5. Profile of the same instrument. AB, represent a wooden frame, 

 into which the iron arms, C D, are inserted, and secured above by screw- 

 nuts ; upon the lower end of these arms are welded the shares E and F, 

 which penetrate the land to a small depth, and cut up the weeds as they 

 pass along. GL, represent the shafts or limbers, fastened on the axle by 

 iron bolts. H, is a piece of wood fixed upon the wooden axle; and into 

 this piece of wood, are fastened iron bolts, having eyes to take in the iron 

 rod P K ; which rod passes through a hole in the beam O B, at H. By this 

 means, the beam has freedom to move up or down on the rod, and can be 

 fixed to any part of it, in order to make the foremost shares go either 

 deeper or shallower in the ground. M S, represent one of the wheels, 

 which revolve on the axle, that carries the hindermost end of the shafts. 

 N, represents one of the cylinders, the pivots of which turn in the iron 

 arms T. These cylinders hold the back end of the wooden frame AB, at 

 an equal distance from the surface of the land, and of course regulate the 



