CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Introduction 7 



Nature and general properties 7 



Sources and methods of production 9 



Distribution, quantity produced and value. . . 11 



Grading, marketing, and uses 11 



Collection and classification of samples 12 



Methods of analysis employed and their discussion 13 



General examination 13 



Effect of emergent thermometer 14 



Effect of variations in atmospheric pressure 15 



Detection of adulterants 16 



Significance of odor, color reactions, and bead 17 



Mineral oil 17 



Rosin spirits 19 



Coal-tar oils 19 



Discussion of data on unadulterated samples 20 



Extent of adulteration with mineral oil 22 



Examination of standard grade samples 23 



Proposed specifications for turpentine 24 



Methods for the examination of turpentines for purity and quality 26 



Color 26 



Specific gravity 26 



Distillation 26 



Apparatus 26 



Operations 28 



Refractive index 29 



Detection of rosin spirits 29 



Detection of coal-tar oils 29 



Detection and estimation of mineral oil 29 



Tabulated data on commercial samples 32 



TABLE I. Results on samples collected in the turpentine-producing States, 



from producers, primary buyers, and dealers 32 



II. Results on samples collected outside the turpentine-producing 



States from primary buyers and dealers 39 



5 



