CONTENTS. xi 



CHAPTEE IX. 



THE STEMS OF PLANTS. 



The various Growth of Trees Internal Structure of Plant-stems Wood and 

 Fibrous Cells The Shafts of Palms Climbing Plants Their various Modes 

 of Attachment Tree Buttresses Defences of Plants Thorns Prickles 

 Harmonies between the Trunks of Trees and the Wants of Man The Voices of 

 the Forest ....... PAGE 65 



CHAPTEE X. 



THE LEAVES OF PLANTS. 



The chief Ornament of Spring Internal Structure of Leaves The Cuticle 

 Stomata and Air-cells Opening and Closing of the Stomata Pliability and 

 resisting Powers of the Leaves Their Stems Dionaea Muscipula The 

 Mimosas Enemies of the Leaves Their Defences Hairs Prickles 

 Secretions Harmonies between Leaves and Insects . . .71 



CHAPTEE XI. 



BLOSSOMS. 



Their Functions Their Accessory and Essential Parts The Calyx The Corolla 

 The Pistils The Anthers The Pollen Insects as Means of Fructification 

 The Vallisneria Spiralis . : . . . . . 79 



CHAPTEE XII. 



SEEDS AND THEIR MIGBATIONS. 



Defences of Seeds Their Dissemination over the Earth Feathers and Wings 

 Cotton Influence of Watercourses Mangrove Seeds The Animals and Man 

 as Disseminators of Plants Progress of Vegetation on the originally naked 

 Eock ......... 84 



CHAPTEE XIII. 



MICROSCOPICAL PLANTS. 



Uncertain Limits between the Animal and the Vegetable World The simplest 

 Forms of Plants Protococci Oscillatoriae Volvocinge Desmidise Dia- 

 tomacese Their Importance in the Household of the Seas Their Geological 

 Agency . ....... 93 



CHAPTEE XIV. 



MICROSCOPICAL PROTOZOA. 



Ehizopods and Foraminifera Their Geological Importance Phosphorescence 

 of the Sea The Noctiluca Miliaris Polycystina Infusoria Vorticellas 

 Ophrydinse Eapid Multiplication of the Infusoria . . .101 



