THE AFFECTIONS OF BRUTES. 373 



ling slaves, but his grateful and affectionate servants ? Hence 

 there can be no doubt that this feeling has been implanted in 

 them with a view to his benefit, for their services are all the 

 more valuable for being cheerfully rendered. The dog is pre- 

 eminent for this inborn attachment to man. In South America 

 there are numerous wild dogs that have enjoyed the liberty of 

 the savannah for several centuries ; they descend from European 

 dogs, and have multiplied in the wilderness, where they roam 

 about like beasts of prey. In the East, particularly in Egypt, 

 there are also many masterless dogs, almost equally savage ; but 

 in both places these wild dogs, -when caught, and treated with 

 kindness, soon become tame, and as attached to their masters as 

 those dogs which have been the trusty companions of man 

 through a long series of generations. A similar affection is 

 testified by the horse ; and even the poor ass is not only a pattern 

 of submissive meekness, but is susceptible of great attachment 

 towards his master, whom it will scent at a considerable dis- 

 tance, distinguish in the midst of a crowd, and faithfully 

 follow. 



But besides the animals which are particularly formed to 

 be the companions of man, even the wild denizens of the forest, 

 whom he has deprived of their liberty, soon grow attached 

 to his rule when treated with humanity and kindness. Many 

 instances of the attachment of lions and other carnivorous 

 animals to their keepers might be cited, and it is very much 

 to be doubted whether any mammalian exists of so ferocious 

 or so stubborn a nature as to be totally untameable. 



Quadrupeds, being thus open to friendship, may also naturally 

 be expected to display the sentiments of parental, filial, and con- 

 nubial affection. Monkeys are peculiarly fond of their young ; 

 they tend and watch them in the most singular manner, arid 

 appear to pursue a plan both as to their nurture and educa- 

 tion, often severely correcting them if stubborn or disinclined 

 to profit by their example. 



The ice-bear, the dread and terror of all other animals 

 that come within its reach, is remarkable for the strength 

 of its parental affection; and this same passion inspires the 

 most timid ruminants in the hour of danger with an almost pre- 

 ternatural courage. Then the hind forgets her usual caution 

 in the resolute defence of her offspring, and boldy confronts the 



