io6 THE HAUNTS OF LIFE 



for studying the physical conditions of the great 

 depths, and obtaining specimens of the animals 

 that inhabit them. 



THE CHALLENGER " EXPEDITION 



The first great expedition was that of the 

 Challenger (1872-76), which may be called a 

 Columbus voyage, since it practically discovered 

 a New World the world of the Deep Sea. 

 During three and a half years the Challenger 

 circumnavigated the globe, cruising over 68,900 

 nautical miles. The naturalist in charge was 

 Sir Wyville Thomson, and the staff included Mr. 

 John Murray (the late Sir John Murray) and Mr. 

 J. Y. Buchanan. Reaching down with the long 

 arm of the dredge, the explorers raised treasures 

 from over 300 stations. The results of this 

 great expedition were published under Sir John 

 Murray's editorship in fifty quarto volumes. 

 These form the firm foundations of oceanog- 

 raphy the science of the sea. 



It was at first expected that many of the 

 deep-sea animals would be quite different from 

 those living in shallower waters, and would 

 resemble older types now known only as fossils, 

 but with few exceptions this did not prove to 



