APPENDIX 219 



both ends being held. " Les chiens . . . seront enhardez 

 par les couples à genoivres ou à autre josne bois tors " (Roy 

 Modus, f. xlvii. recto). In France there used to be two 

 hardes to each relay and not more than eight hounds in 

 every harde (D'Yauville). In England there used to be 

 about the same number. The term was still used in 

 Blome's time (1686), for he writes in his "Gentleman's 

 Recreation " : " The huntsman on foot that hath the 

 charge of the coupled hounds, and before that must have 

 hardled them, that is, with a slip, for the purpose ready 

 secured three or four couple together, that they may not 

 break in from him, to run into the cry of the Finders " 

 (p. 88). 



Harling was a word used in Devonshire, and as it 

 meant tying the hound together by means of a rope 

 passed through the rings of the couples, it is undoubtedly 

 a corruption of the word hardeling. " Until compara- 

 tively recent times the hounds in Devonshire were taken 

 to the meet and held in this manner until the time came 

 to lay the pack on " (Collyns). 



Hardel, the technical O. E. term for binding together 

 the four legs of the roebuck, the head having been placed 

 between the two forelegs, in order to carry him whole 

 into the kitchen. 



HARE. Pliny records the fable that hares "are of 

 many and various sexes." Topsell remarks that " the 

 Hebrews call the hare < arnebet," > in the feminine gender," 

 which word gave occasion to an opinion that all hares 

 were females (pp. 264, 266). 



"In the Gwentian code of Welch laws supposed to be 

 of the eleventh century, the hare is said not to be capable 

 of any legal valuation, being in one month male and in 

 another female" (Twici, p. 22). 



Certainly in many of the older writings on hares the 

 pronouns "her" and "him" are used indiscriminately 

 in the same sentence. Sir Thomas Browne in his treatise 

 on vulgar errors asserts from his own observation that 



