2 26 APPENDIX 



when he stood still in covert he was stalling. When he 

 was tired he "cast his chaule" i.e. drooped his head, a 

 well-known sign when the deer is done, as was his closed 

 mouth when dead beat. 



The hart was meved or moved, when he was started 

 from his resting-place ; he was quested or hunted for, and 

 sued or chased ; his resting-place was called his ligging or 

 lair y his scent of line of flight, his fues. He was spoken 

 of as soule or soile (F. seule) if unaccompanied by other 

 deer, and in "herd with rascal and folly" if keeping com- 

 pany with lesser deer. 



Besides many other quaint terms of venery the follow- 

 ing were the designations given to the hart according to 

 his age by : — 



Twici, " Boke of St. Blome ; Cox's 



" Master of Game." Albans," Man wood, " Gentleman's 



Turbervile. Recreations." 



1st yr. A calf. A calf. A hinde-calf or calf. 



2nd ,, A bullock. A brocket. A knobler or knobber. 



3rd ,, A brocket. A spayer, spayard, or A brocket or brocke. 



spayd. 



4th ,, A staggart. A staggart or stag. A staggard. 



5th „ A hart of ten. A hart. A hart. 



Until he was a hart of ten our text tells us he was not 

 considered a chaseable or warrantable deer. By the 

 above one will see that the " Master of Game " is excep- 

 tional in calling a deer of the second year a bullock, 

 brocket being the usual term. 



In old French literature we occasionally find the word 

 broches used for the tines of a deer's antlers ; brochet 

 would be the diminutive, i.e. a small tine, and hence 

 perhaps brocket, a young stag bearing small tines. Any 

 stag of ten or over if hunted by the king became a Hart 

 Royal, and if hunted and not taken, but driven out of 

 the forest, a proclamation was made to warn every one 

 that no person should chase or kill the said hart, and he 

 was then a " Hart Royal proclaimed " (Man., p. 180). 



All stags not chaseable, such as young or lean stags 

 and hinds, were classed as folly or rascal. 



