HISTORY 1 3 



Greeks. The larger of the Italian gardens were located on the hill- 

 sides which required the use of terraces, and the garden was made 

 very decorative by the use of steps and ramps and balustrades.'! 

 Fountains were provided on the terraces starting at the top of the gar- 

 den and playing down the terraces until the lower level was reached, 

 where the water was caught in large pools where it was used for 

 reflection. 



The most of the planting in these gardens was for the purpose 

 of adding to the architectural features of the whole scheme. The 

 house and grounds were made a single composition in arrangement, 

 and for the first time we have the whole landscape brought in as part 

 of the composition by the framing in of attractive views which could 

 be seen from the garden. A special provision of the arrangement of 

 these gardens was the use of axis lines in such a way as to give balance 

 and formality so as to give the gardens greater decorativeness and 

 beauty. With the fall of Rome the gardens in Italy began to decline, 

 but there still were many of the beautiful gardens of the villas. Among 

 the most attractive of the gardens are those of the Villas d'Este 

 Aldobrandini, Lante and Medici. 



English Gardens 

 A country in which the idea of gardening has been developed to 

 a very high degree is that of England. We have several different 

 styles of gardening, the most important among the early ones being 

 the Tudor Gardens, where we have the garden developed as a thing 

 by itself, and in many ways similar to the Egyptian gardens. An 

 arrangement of walls and gates protected these early castle gardens 

 which contained the vegetables, flowers and herbs for the family who 

 lived in the castle adjacent. 



The Elizabethan gardens which followed closely upon that of 

 Tudor, were located in such a way as to have more architectural rela- 

 tion to the house. These gardens became more decorative and were 

 very similar to our present day flower gardens, having quite a little 

 formality of arrangement and a use of plant material to secure rather 

 broad effects. 



The real Elizabethan gardens begin with the 1 6th century and 

 continue through until the middle of the 1 8th, thus making the date of 



