23 



ing troughs cind rack on the ground, will probably discourage the 

 animal. 



No. 2. — A remedy which may be considered universally applicable 

 is the throat strap, which must be buckled rather tightly round the 

 neck, close to the head, in such a way that considerable pressure 

 shall be inflicted on the larynx. This plan usually succeeds. It is, 

 however, unsightly, and blemishes the horse by wearing away the 

 hair. 



No. 3. — Have a bit made of a hollow iron tube, open at each end, 

 with a few holes drilled in it (like those in a flute or fife) in the 

 side towards the opening of the mouth, to be attached to the head- 

 stall, and worn constantly, except when the horse is feeding; a 

 piece of an old gun barrel would answer the pui'pose. 



No. 4. — Buckle moderately tightly a small strap round the horse's 

 under jaw (inclosing the under lip), between the teeth and the 

 tushes. The strap must be tight enough to prevent its falling off, 

 and not too nari'ow a one, or it will cut the gums. The mode in 

 which it acts is that it prevents the edge of the under lip from 

 closing on the upper one when the mouth is closed ; the horse can- 

 not therefore fill his mouth with wind, to gulp it down afterwards, 

 as the wind escapes at the open side of the mouth made by the strap 

 as fast as he sucks it in. 



No. 5. — Put a rough, shaggy old sheep's skin over the bar of the 

 manger, or any part of the box or stall that a horse can catch hold 

 of with his teeth. 



No. 6. — Eub all the places with spirits of tar, it dries into the 

 wood directly, and the smell is not unpleasant in the stable. 



No. 7. — Put your horse into a loose box, remove the manger 

 bodily ; let the hay-rack be made of iron, semicircular, and pro- 

 jecting from the wall ; let the door be made quite smooth on the 

 inside. In short, remove everything that he can possibly seize with 

 his teeth. Do not tie him up at all, for horses will sometimes 

 " suck " their wind by stretching their halter to the full extent. 

 Lastly, give him his com in a nose-bag. As crib-biting is produced 

 partly by idleness and partly by indigestion, place a lump of rock- 

 salt in one corner of his box, and a piece of chalk in another. By 

 licking the first, and biting the second, he will find amusement. 



No. 8. — Apply a bar-muzzle, which entirely prevents the habit 

 without interfering with the feeding of the horse. 



CURBS. 



A curb is a sprain or rupture of the fibres in a ligament which 



