APPEXDIX. 343 



ing and tlie lack of breeding in the mares to whicli lie was bred are 

 against the chances of his tribe taking high rank as a family. 



Of the other pacing-families mentioned, the Columbuses are of 

 Canadian origin. The original Columbus came from a town in the 

 Province of Quebec "thirty or forty miles below Montreal." From 

 this same mysterious region came St. Lawrence, another Canadian 

 trotting-sire, and to the blood of that district is traced lines in many 

 of our famous trotters. 



The Hiatoga family traces to early Virginia pacing ancestry. The 

 first noted horse of the line was taken to Fairfield County, Ohio, 

 about 1840, is known as Eice's Hiatoga, and from him the trotting- 

 family of this name is descended. The Copperbottoms, a noted 

 pacing- family that figure in many trotting pedigrees, were, like the 

 Columbuses, and probably the Pilots, it is believed, of Canadian 

 origin. The original was, according to the Trotting Register, taken 

 from Canada to Kentucky in 1812. 



Another Canadian family that may or may not have been of kindred 

 blood to those just named, but a family far superior to any other of 

 Canadian origin, is that bearing the name of Royal George. The 

 founder of this line was Tippoo, a horse whose blood is unknown. 

 Tippoo's son. Black Warrior, got Royal George, and from this line a 

 really good trotting-family has been produced. 



A tribe that has held a foremost place in turf history as a cross for 

 Hambletonian blood was that of American Star, a horse that 

 flourished previous to and in the early part of the career of Rysdyk's 

 Hambletonian. The pedigree of this horse is extremely doubtful, 

 but he was a trotter of some merit. From great numbers of his 

 daughters bred to Hambletonian, a goodly proportion of trotters came, 

 but the family lacked the capacity to transmit speed potently from 

 generation to generation, and its only standing, as a trotting line, 

 rests upon what Hambletonian accomplished from its daughters. 



I have traced at some length the foundation lines of blood from 

 which the trotters of to-day are bred, and every well-bred trotter of 

 this generation traces directly to one or more of these families. 



Just when racing, at either the running, the trotting, or the pacing 

 gait began in America is difficult to determine. It is reasonably cer- 

 tain that pacers were bred for speed and raced, notably in Rhode 

 Island, in the last decades of the seventeenth century. Pacing races 

 were held in and about Philadelphia, and were indulged in between 

 the gentry of Rhode Island and Virginia early in the eighteenth 



