Marcu 6, ISSj.] 



♦ KNOWLEDGE ♦ 



195 



■whom the triumphs of science are dear. Aiul for ttiis 

 reason we are pleased to note that an exhibition of jihoto- 

 graphs by amateurs (tlie first of its kind) will be one of 

 the attractions of the approaching Loudon season. It is 

 to be held by the London Stereoscopic and Photographic 

 Company, at the Galleries, 103, New Bond-street, W., and 

 will be open from April 23 to May 9 inclusive. 



It may fairly be premised that this exliibition will be 

 successful, botli inherently and having regard to the 

 further pojjularisation of photography ;, for, since the per- 

 fection of the " dry -plate " system and the consequent 

 elimination of the objectionable features until then inci- 

 dental to its processes, the seductive attributes of the art 

 have been made apparent to many thousands of art-loving 

 people of all grades and professions ; and the public exhi- 

 bition of the work of amateurs, together with the competi- 

 tion incited thereby, will not only atlord them the oppor- 

 tunity of gratifying a natural pride iu their productions, 

 but will also give a decided fillip to the intentions of those 

 ■who are desirous of enrolling themselves in the ranks of 

 amateur "operators." Another element of success may 

 be looked for in the liberality of the prize-list (amounting 

 in value to over .£200), which includes no less than six 

 gold medals and nine silver ones, as well as many other 

 articles of special value. 



From the public view-point, too, the exhibition promises 

 to be extremely interesting, as well by reason of the con- 

 ditions attaching to its formation, as by the diversified 

 character of the exhibits. In this latter connection, it may 

 be mentioned that the late Mr. Cameron, the able special 

 war-correspondent of the Standard, who fell at the recent 

 battle of Abu Klea, in the Soudan, had sent home several 

 photographs, which will be included in the exhibition. 



It says much for the increasing popularity of photo- 

 graphy — and no less for the success of the free-instruction 

 system adopted by the London Stereoscopic and Photo- 

 graphic Company — that this proposed exhibition will be 

 the outcome of the suggestions of their past and present 

 pupils, and the enterprise is one upon which the Company 

 may well be congratulated. We think, however, their 

 representatives have been wise in declining the task of 

 judging the merits of the pictures sent in competi- 

 tion ; that duty will be performed by well - known 

 independent judges, including, amongst others, Mr. 

 Thos. Faed, K.A. Amateur photographers will also 

 be represented on "the bench" by Capt Abney, R.E., 

 who has earned for himself the title of " prince of photo- 

 graphers," and by Mr. John Duncuft, B.A., whose ability 

 to act in a judicial capacity will be well understood by all 

 yachtsmen who practise with the camera. The manage- 

 ment and direction of the exhibition has been placed in 

 the hands of Mr. T. C. Hepworth, whose reputation as an 

 authority on photography justifies in every way his 

 appointment to this onerous position, and to whom, at 

 108-110, Regent-street, W., all communications and in- 

 quiries regarding the exhibition should be addressed. 



The exhibition is to be divided into thirteen classes, 

 into the details of all of which, however, space will not 

 permit of our entering. Suffice it to say that the com- 

 petition is open to amateurs generally (subject to certain 

 classifying distinctions), with the exception of Class I. 

 This clats is reserved for those competitors who have 

 received their instruction at the studios of the London 

 Stereoscopic and Photographic Company, and embraces 

 " instantaneous " ■work as one of its special features. 

 Class II. will be devoted entirely to marine subjects, and, 

 doubtless, this section of the exhibition will bear evidence 

 of especial merit, inasmuch as the treatment of such sub- 

 jects would form an exceedingly attractive accompaniment 



to the pleasures of a yachting cruise. Class 111. is to be 

 styled the " Country llou.se Competition," and will includo 

 outdoor groups incidental to lawii-tcnnis meets, garden 

 parties, picnic gatherings, the hunting field, and the like. 

 Class IV. is restricted to cyclists, and for this conipetiiion 

 one of the prizes, as might be expected, is a steed of liigli 

 " metal." Class V. is only to bo competed for by naval and 

 niilittry officers, who will doubtless make a goodly show, 

 inasmuch as the practice of photography is so useful and in 

 such great favour in the sister services. The remaining 

 eight classes all possess some distinctive feature of interest, 

 and will in combination provide an exhibition which will 

 certainly be unique, and will almost as certainly, we fully 

 believe, bo well worth a visit by lovers of photography 

 from all parts of the world. 



CHAPTERS ON MODERN DOMESTIC 

 ECONOMY. 



XTII.— THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DWELLING-HOUSE. 



STRUCTURAL EXAMPLES {continued). 



L-THE DISPOSAL OP HOUSEHOLD REFUSE. 



UNDER this heading may be grouped together : (o) 

 dust-bins and garbage receptacles ; (b) apparatus for 

 the treatment and utilisation of solid and liquid excreta by 

 the " dry " process. 



In a former communication'* ■we drew the attention of 

 our readers to the prevailing forms of defective dustbins, 

 and pointed out the two principal sources of evil which are 

 liable to arise from their use, viz., when the dust-bin is too 

 large, and holds the accumulated refuse of more than a 

 fortnight, the decomj)osing matters are open to harbour 

 not only the undesirable germs of putrefaction, but also 

 those of disease. It is true that this action is somewhat 

 Dhecked by the cinders and ashes which are also thrown 

 into the dust-box, but they can never act efficiently because 

 of the large size of the particles to be dealt with, and apart 

 from that the process is wasteful in the extreme, inasmuch 

 as it produces a maximum of useless rubbish for the dust- 

 man to cart away. The other kind of dust-bin in common 

 use is even still worse than the above ; for, in addition, 

 one or two of its sides are formed by the walls of the 

 house, and contaminated damp may thus find its way into 

 the building. 



To guard against these defects, a small, movable recep- 

 tacle, preferably made of galvanised iron, or other non- 

 corrodible material, ought to be invariably used ; it is 

 inexpensive and sanitary ; and, what is a very important 

 item, labour-saving for the public servants. An excellent 

 form is that which was exhibited at the Health Exhibition 

 Sanitary HouFe, by Messr-s. T. H. Pierce & Co., of G2 and 

 64, Weymouth-street, Portland-place, W. 



A unique and valuable variety of the dust-bin has 

 recently come under our notice, and is known as "Dr. 

 NichoUs' Patent Carbon Dust bin." The principle of this 

 apparatus is a good one ; it aims at destroying, or rather 

 checking, the rise of decomposition at the very outset, by 

 the intimate application of charcoal powder, soot, or other 

 deodorant, in such a way that the refuse can be utilised 

 without any trouble and at a very small initial expenditure 

 for the apparatus. Upon the same principle. Dr. R. 

 Nicholls has devised a closet, the working details (f which, 

 as of his dust bin, we shall give in our next communication. 



Totally distinct from the above is the apparatus devised 

 to meet the requirements of the " dry-earth " system of the 



* Knowledge, Dec. 19, 1884, p. 50G. 



