April 10, 1865.] 



♦ KNOWLEDGE • 



309 



liking for decorations. She likes tlieni, just as wc do, be- 

 cause they aie beautiful.'' Yes, ijou think them beautiful, 

 but that only moans that they please ytnir ej-es. Be sure 

 that her taste is not guided by yours. " No," you hasten 

 to explain, "they are beautiful to her." Well, that only 

 means that they please htr eyes ; so you have managed to 

 explain that she likes them — because she likes them. That 

 is what is libellously called a woman's reason, and so may 

 do well enough for a female bird ; but it will not do for 

 the would-be analyst of that bird's psychology. Nor can 

 we seriously believe that the hen could not see the cock 

 well enough without his dangerously beautiful comb, or 

 that the pea hen would not recognise her mate unless he 

 advertised himself by a gorgeous but cumbrous " train." 

 Besides, conspicuousness to friends involves conspicuousness 

 to enemies. 



CHAPTERS 



0]S" MODERN 

 ECONOMY. 



DOMESTICS 



XXII.— THE FRAMEWORK OF TIIE DWELLING HOUSE. 



STRUCTCRAL E-XAMPLES {C0)liinued). 



THE DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD REFUSE. 



OF disconnecting traps between the house drain and the 

 main sewer there are many varieties. In our la.st 

 chapter we mentioned " Potts's Edinburgh Air Chambered 

 Trap" as one which fulfilled all the requirements of an 

 efficient protector against the entry of sewer-gas into the 

 domestic drain, and pointed out by means of that example, 

 that adequate disconnection can only be obtained through : 

 — (A) a very carefully -adjusted bend of the pipe to form a 

 perfect water-seil, which shall afford the utmost facility for 

 the passage of wa-^te matters sewer-wards. (B) Ventilation 

 on the house-side of the trap to effect a passage for fresh air 

 through the house dr.iin and soil-pipe. (C) Ventilation on 

 the sewer-side of the trap for relief of undue pressure, and 

 for purposes of in.spection when i-equired. 



Now, there are many appliances in the market which 

 thoroughly fulfil all the requirements above noted, and 

 which have been each designed to meet the wants of indi- 

 \"idual cases of frequent occurrence. One of the simplest 

 and best forms is " Hellyer's Patent Interceptor,' a dia- 

 grammatic representation of which we give here in Fig. l!~!. 



^':^-l5"A-f--u^-H 



The house-drain is shown discharging into a dip or U-shaped 

 trap, from whence the waste materials are forced into the 

 sewer in virtue of the law of hydrostatics. Fresh air find.s 

 access through a grating into a chamber on the house side 

 of the trap, and into this compartment the discharge from 

 yards and rain-water pipes can enter. We strongly recom- 

 mend " Hellyer's Interceptor," as manufactured by the 



eminent firm of Doulton iV Co., to the notice of all house- 

 holders and buililt'is of artisans' cottages and abodes of ii 

 low rental value, since it is inexpensive and the most per- 

 fect apparatus of its kind. 



The " Kenon Air Chamber Floor and Trap " is, without 

 doubt, a die/ d'u iivre of modern times. Wo are indebted 

 to Messrs. Doulton it Co., of Lambeth, for the accompany- 

 ing woodcut, Fig. 19, which shows a brickwork manhole, 



at the base of which an open channel, the original idea of 

 the distinguished engineer, Mr. Rogers Field, is .shown. 

 The contents of the house drain flow through this channel 

 into a U-shaped dip-trap, the sewer side of which is pro- 

 vided with an inspection arm, ordinarily plugged, which 

 opens into the manhole or air-chamber. 'The entire appara- 

 tus is made in one solid piece of glazed, imperishable 

 stoneware, and may therefore be said to claim a foremost 

 place among.st disconnecting appliances. 



"Mansergh's E.xterual House-Protecting Drain Trap," 

 a section of which we give in Fig. 20, explains itself suffi- 

 ciently to show that the con- 

 tents of the inlet, after passing 

 through the water-seal, arc 

 ejected through a duly-venti- 

 lated outlet, whilst a grating 

 above permits of the entry 

 of yard and other waste waters. 

 It is an extra domestic ap- 

 pliance of the first importance 

 in a well-regulated abode. 



It has been contended that a 

 double trap with an interme- 

 diate ventilating opening be- 

 tween them is somewhat super- 

 fluous, since it pre -supposes 

 that the sewer or cesspool is 

 very insufficiently ventilated. 

 We are of opinion that the 

 forethought here condemned is 

 of vital importance, since all our observations go to show 

 that efficient ventilation of sewers is a thing of the future, 

 and that arration of cesspools is practically a nonentity. 

 We are, therefore, constrained to give prominence to the 

 invention of Richard Weaver, Esq., C.E., F.C.S., and 

 Messrs. .J as. Stiff it Sons' " Registered Intercepter Sewer- 

 Air Trap " (Fig. il). 



" The Intercepted Trap " is intended to be fixed at any 

 convenient and easily accessible point between the house 

 and the street-sewer. Stoneware ventilating pipes, from 

 B and D, should be carried just above the ground level. 

 The mephitic air from the sewer is effectually intercepted 

 by means of the two water-seals, F and G (the latter being 

 much the stronger), with intermediate ventilation. Under 



FOUL-ArR 

 rR£5II-flm SAFETY 

 INLET OUTLET 



o 



ClFflNSlNG 

 OPENING 



E 



I'-iK- ■■!■ 1 . 



