May 29, 18S5.] 



• KNOWLEDGE ♦ 



469 



trick, r-Z want two tricks besides the certain nick piven by the 

 winning trump, 'i adopts the only possible way of making tlic odd 

 trick. Of course, to have played otherwise would have boon bad 

 play: but how often do we see a game tlivowii away in such a 

 position tlirough undue haste to provont tlio enemy from making 

 his last trump by rutBng; or, if the Scylla of that mistake is 

 escaped, then by falling into the Charybdis of ruffing the enemy's 

 established suit too quickly ? 



The n.\Ni>s. 



R C H. G, 3. 



^ i S. A, K, 10. 8, 



Q,9. 



s, -1. 



Kn, Q. A. 

 10. 



c. r. 



3, 4, Kn, S. t ' 

 3, Kn, Q, K. D.^ 



+ 

 + 



+ + + 



_Jl*_+ 



0* 



o o o 1 



♦~0 



o 



o o 



♦ ♦ 





o 

 o 

 o 



o o 



0^0 



o o 





10 



to <^ 



♦ 4 



11:+ + 



O O 



o o 

 o o 



o o 



0% 



12 



13 



* +00 ♦ ♦ 



o ♦% 



+ +00 ♦ ♦ 



C. A, K, Kn, 6, -I, 3. ^ 



D. A, 0. J 



THE PLAY. 



Card underlined takes the trick 

 and card next below leads next. 



1. A leads the right card from 

 his long suit. 



2. Z shows by trumping with 

 the Five, and leading the Two, 

 that ho holds three more. Y-Z 

 hold four by honours, and need 

 only the odd trick to win the game. 



3- 1. From the return of Ten, Z 

 learns that Y cannot have more 

 than one trump left, at the utmost : 

 for Ten is the best trump outside 

 Z's hand, and must either, there- 

 fore, be the best of two or i''s only 

 trump left (with two more he 

 would have led the lowest). 



5. B falls here into a fatal 

 blunder. He probably supposed 

 that Z would proceed to extract 

 ^'s last trnmp, in which case B — 

 let us hope — would have discarded 

 the Queen of Clubs, his holding 

 which was the cause of A-B's 

 destruction. But 



0. Z is far too wide awake. He 

 sees the meaning of his partner's 

 discard. If the Queen of Clubs 

 had been with 1', Queen and eight 

 would have been the Major 

 Tenace, and Y would assuredly 

 not have parted with that hold 

 over ,4'3 long suit. Z sees that if 

 he goes on with trumps, and B 

 gets out of A's way, there is 

 danger (certainly, if A hag any re- 

 entering card) that A will make 

 four tricks in Clubs and win. He 

 therefore clears his strong Dia- 

 mond suit at once, finding A with 

 the dreaded but now innocuous re- 

 entering card in that verj- suit. 



7. But B's Queen blocks the 

 way. Z. of course, refrains from 

 ruffing, which would ruin every- 

 thing. 



8 and 9. B makes two tricks in 

 Spades, and 



10. A makes his little trump. 

 But it avails nothing ; for 



11, 12, and 33, T-Z make three 

 more tricks, giving them the odd 

 trick and the game. 



+ ^^0 k*^ 



If B had played properly at 

 trick 5 — discarding the Club 

 Queen. The game would have 

 proceeded as follows : — 



0. Z will gain nothing by drawing out -I's last trump, as tlio 

 third form of the game shows, in which the same result is obtained 

 at the end of trick as if Z had drawn the last trump. 



7, 8, 9, 10. Z can g.ain nothing by ruffing. It would not be sound 

 play to try the experiment, though .4 mujht have two Diamonds, 

 As the cards lie Z would make his trnmj) and his Diamond King ; 

 then ..4 would ruff the Queen, win three Club tricks, and, leading 

 Spade, B would win the last trick. 



11, 12, 13. A-B make the odd trick and win a treble too as tricks 

 count before honours. As the game made the rubber, B's mistake 

 cost A-B six points. 



If, reverting to the original game, Z had drawn .I's last trump, 

 the game would have proceeded as follows : 



8. 



9. 

 10. 

 11. 

 12. 

 13. 



.4. 



H 8 



H9 

 D A 

 C Kn 

 CG 



C 4 

 C 3 

 S 6 

 D 9 



1'. 



C 8 



D 4 

 D 5 

 D G 

 »7 



D 10 

 S 5 

 S 9 



SQ 



B. 

 S 2 



CQ 



D 2 



S2 



D 8 



S7 



S8 



S K 



S A 



G. B, of course, can still lose the game for self and partner by 

 holding on to his winning Club. 



7, 8, 9, iSro. .l-/>' win two cards. I'-Z make the odd trick if B 

 holds up the Club Q at trick G. 



At the meeting of the Geological Society held on May 13, 1885, 

 Professor T. G. Bonney, D.Sc. LL.D., F.R.S. (President), in the 

 chair, a paper was read on the " Evidence of the Action of L.and- 

 ice at Great Crosby, Lancashire," by T. Jlellard Reade, Es((., 

 F.R.S. The author pointed out that the Triassic rocks under the 

 low-level boulder-clay in the neighbourhood of Liverpool, where 

 they are not smoothed and striated, are usually broken up into 

 rubble and red sand, forming a bed of variable thickness occasion- 

 ally consolidated into a breccia. This deposit he had in former 

 papers attributed to the .action of land-icc. At Mowbrey brick-and- 

 tilo works. Great Crosby, is a section of Kouper marls, the only 

 one existing for many miles round. The marls are overlain by 

 low-level boulder-clay of the usual type, and between it and the 

 m.arl is a deposit from 3 to i ft. thick, which at first sight is not 

 readily distinguishable from the marls, but which a careful exami- 

 nation of the excavations from time to time as they progressed, 

 showed to be a distinct bed. In this bed, l.ying at all angles, were 

 found large blocks of sandstone, some of which were grooved and 

 striated in an unmistakaljlo manner. The matrix in which they 

 were imbedded was of the same constitution as the marl, and evi- 

 dently formed out of it, showing in places strong evidences of 

 contortion and kneading up. The sandstone blocks belonged to the 

 Keuper formation, and some of them were very similar to bands 

 intercalated in the marls near the bottom of the excavation. No 

 erratic pebbles or boulders of any sort were found in this kneaded- 

 up marl, whereas the low-level boulder-clay is full of them. The 

 author considered that the only feasible explanation of the pheno- 

 menon was th.'it the marl had been worked up into a grey clay by 

 the passage over it of land ice, which had broken off the sandstone- 

 bands at their outcrops, forcing the blocks into the disturbed or 

 worked-np marl. These outcrops, concealed by a mantle of low- 

 level boulder-clay, must be to the northward, and therefore the 

 blocks have travelled in the same direction approximately as the 

 track of the striations on the neighbouring rocks. In conclusion, 

 he contended that all the evidence pointsto the fact before insisted 

 upon, that the intensest period of cold preceded the depositioa of 

 the low-level boulder-clay, which is clearly a marine deposit. 



