DUAL PURPOSE CATTLE 55 



butter. No cow can get into the Herd Book on less than 600 gallons, 

 but mine is far above tha,t, and she did her tests for the season 

 mainly on pasture of which the annual valuation is under 3s. 7d. an 

 acre. To produce my blend and raise a foundation fit to carry a 

 Shorthorn development in a region like this I had calculated on the 

 history of the Red Poll, an animal finely specialized for dual pur- 

 poses, generally milking 1,000 gallons and feeding up to a ton weight. 

 . . . Side by side with Polly 2d I have raised also another family, 

 from native stock and pure Shorthorn sires alone; good cows, often 

 making high prices, but their economic inferiority makes a lesson 

 for a nation, though the Department sticks to the formula, plus the 

 farther inferiority of the Aberdeen-Angus. This family is repre- 

 sented in the Dairy Herd Book by Betty (No. 2364) and her daughter 

 (No. 740). A great cow Betty, about equal to Polly in productive 

 values, but at a cost more than 25 per cent higher. She can milk 

 over half a. hundred weight in the day on the three-and-seven-penny 

 pasture; but she appears to forget that any further calf is expected 

 of her, unless hand-fed at a rate 'whicji makes her so much less 

 profitable than Polly." 



This bit of evidence as to the two varieties of dual-purpose cow 

 being altogether an independent testimony, and from the practical 

 money point of view, needs must be accepted. The "Encyclopedia 

 of Agriculture" (Edinburgh, 1909) may also be quoted as a sum- 

 mary of comparative results at Tring Park: 



Lord Rothschild has at Tring Park three herds: Shorthorned, 

 Jersey, and Red Polled respectively, descended from cows chosen 

 for their proved milk inheritance. The returns published each year 

 are thus of the highest value for comparative purposes. Here are 

 a few of the averages of milk yields of cows which were in the herd 

 the whole year: 



1888-9 (372) days): 21 Shorthorn, 7896.95 lb.; 37 Jersey, 6480.08 

 lb.; 36 Red Polled, 7033.45 lb. 



1889-90 (365 days): 34 Shorthorn, 6,785 lb.; 39 Jersey, 6,136 lb.; 

 34 Red Polled, 6,520 lb. 



1900-01: 36 Shorthorn, 6559.2 lb.; 31 Jersey, 6,335.12 ib.; 43 

 Red Polled, 6,895.75 lb. 



1905-6: 57 Shorthorn, 6,706.05 lb.; 21 Jersey, 6,919.61 lb.; 30 

 Red Polled, 6,743.81 lb. 



1906-7: 46 Shorthorn, 6,787.5 lb.; 18 Jersey, 7,455.80 lb.; 40 Red 

 Polled, 6,571.5 lb. 



1907-8: 54 Shorthorn, 6,658 lb.; 9 Jersey, 5,944 lb.; 40 Red Polled, 

 6,174.45 lb. 



The Shorthorns in the herd in 1906-7 included one 11,641 lb., 

 four from 10,000 to 11,000 lb., three from 9,000 to 10,000 lb., seven 

 from 8,000 to 9,000 lb., six from 7,000 to 8,000 lb., four from 6,000 

 to 7,000 lb., nine from 5,000 to 6,000 lb., ten under 5,000 lb. And in 

 1907-8, one 12,370 lb., one 11,656 lb., one 10,047 lb., six from 9,000 

 to 10,000 lb., seven from 8,000 to 9,000 lb., eight from 7,000 to 8,000 

 lb., nine from 5,000 to 6,000 lb., fifteen under 5,000 lb. In 1906-7 

 the individual returns of the Red Polled were: 12,005 lb., 9,381 

 lb., 8,000 to 9,000 lb., four; 7,000 to 8,000 lb., eight; 6,000 to 7,000 

 lb., fourteen; 5,000 to 6,000 lb., five; under 5,000 lb., seven. In 

 1907-8 13,577 lb., 9,803 lb., 8,000 to 9,000 lb., four; 7,000 to 8,000 

 lb., nine; 6,000 to 7,000 lb., seven; 5,000 to 6,000 lb., three; under 

 5,000 lb., thirteen. 



