DUAL PURPOSE CATTLE 63 



In the University herd 24 cows being tested the average daily 

 milk yield was thus increased by 4.5 per cent, and the butter fat by 

 9.2 per cent, the trial time being five weeks. The average daily 

 gain in milk was 1 lb., and of butter" fat .09 Ib. per head. In the 12 

 Wisconsin farm and dairy herds the daily average increase of milk 

 yield was 1.08 Ibs. and .1 lb. of butter fat. 



BEEF-MAKING INHERITANCE 



The development of the beef-making inheritance of Red Polled 

 cattle since its first demonstration at Holkham, in 1812, is made 

 plain by the live weights of steers and heifers competing at the an- 

 nual November and December competitions; by the percentages of 

 gain in live weight of steers from the "under 2-yr.-old" to the "under 

 3-yr.-old" competing stage; and by the many published statements 

 of carcase weight of animals when sold by public auction. 



A photograph of the -cow 310 Lily N2, taken at Elmham in 

 1875, when she was 20 years' old, was given me by Mr. Fulcher just 

 before she was sold to Mr. Lofft and taken to Troston. It is 

 now among the Norwich Public Library Photographic Survey Rec- 

 ords of Norfolk and Norwich. Her last calf was born at Troston 

 in April, 1876. She was a daughter of 342 Minnie N2, which cow 

 was sired by Necton Prize Bull 120 (winner at the Norwich R. A. 

 S. E. Show). She w r as born in 1854, and gave birth to her last calf 

 in March, 1873. The daughter Lily had through her sire a mixture 

 of Suffolk and the Reeve Red Polled blood, but the old-time Necton 

 blood was so strong in her that it was "like mother, like daughter," 

 and that gives to this photograph a unique value. At the opening 

 display of Local Record Photographs, on December 1st, 1913, was 

 also shown a photograph, taken in August, 1882, of the third in 

 descent from Lily, 1463 Dolly N2, born 3d of November, 1879, and 

 a frequent Royal and County winner from 1881, closing her honors 

 list by first place in a class of 30 cows and the championship, every 

 one of which was honored, at the Norwich R, A. -S. E. in July, 1886. 

 The portrait was reproduced in the "Live Stock Journal Almanac" 

 of 1883. Also in the 1883 issue of the Herd Book, and in 1885, in 

 the "United States Consular Reports on Cattle." The contrast In 

 form and development of flesh as seen in the two photographs is 

 very great, the outline of Dolly being that of a fully developed heifer 

 of the ideal that appealed to Bakewell, Charles Collins, and Thomas 

 Booth, which became the fashion, and is yet stoutly upheld by a 

 large proportion of Shorthorn breeders and owners. In the group 

 of Red Polls just mentioned there are yet two other portraits show- 

 ing similar development the bull Davyson 3d, 48 (of the HI Family 

 the original photograph, taken on March 19th, 1881, when the bull 

 was 7 yr., 7 m. old, was the frontispiece of the 1883 issue of the 

 Herd Book), and 1855 Silent Lady O9, photographed when she was 

 1 yr., 8 m. old. As further testimony of the progress made in the 

 details so precisely specified as the evidence of merit, we quote the 

 Official Reporter of the 1886 R. A. S. E. Show at Norwich: 



The most sanguine of East Anglians could not for a moment have imagined 

 that so grand a collection of Red Polls could have been possible. The improvement 

 made during the past few years in the style, substance and quality of the animals, 

 as well as* the advance towards uniformity of type, is within measurable of the mar- 

 velous. No stronger proof of this can be desired or given than is to be found in 

 the fact that the Judges (all three of whom are keen men of business and thor- 

 oughly practical) commended in its entirety the Class of Cows with its thirty en- 

 tries. Such an event as this is almost unknown, and but very seldom deserved. 



