HOMICIDE AND SUICIDE. 283 



professional beggars, 61 lived on charity and 181 

 were prostitutes. This family has cost the Ger- 

 man government over $1,200,000. 



Mr. Dugdale, who was a member of the exec- 

 utive committee of the Prison Association of 

 New York, and a most painstaking student of the 

 cause of criminals, found in a study of 223 con- 

 victs that 23.03 per cent came from neurotic 

 stock, 75.63 per cent were habitual criminals, 

 17.16 per cent came from criminal families, 22.31 criminal" 1 

 per cent from pauper stock, 42.49 per cent from Heredity. 

 intemperate families, and that 39.05 per cent were 

 habitual drunkards. In the crimes committed 

 upon persons (murder, rape, etc.), 40.47 per cent 

 were of neurotic stock, 59.52 per cent were ha- 

 bitual criminals, 19.04 per cent were from crim- 

 inal families, 38.08 per cent were from intemper- 

 ate families, and 40.47 per cent were habitual 

 drunkards. Of the habitual criminals 14.20 

 per cent came from neurotic stock, 18.75 

 per cent from criminal parents, 45.45 per cent 

 from intemperate families, while 42.61 per cent 

 were habitual drunkards. 



Dr. Daniel R. Brower in a recent lecture in 

 Chicago, said : "There are two classes of crim- 

 inals, the habitual or hereditary criminal, and Per cent o{ 

 the occasional. Of the entire criminal class 80 Hereditary 

 per cent are habitual malefactors. * * * In Criminak - 

 Germany one man had 804 descendants, nearly 

 all of whom were criminals, many of them mur- 

 derers, thieves and pickpockets." 



In considering the causes of a criminal it is 

 impossible to determine the relative influence of 

 the several factors that have entered into his com- 



