INTEMPERANCE. 317 



of each attributable directly or indirectly to the 

 use of narcotics, yet the most conservative place Intemperance 

 alcoholism as the principal cause. According to 

 the "Dictionary des Sciences Medicales." The 

 proportion of crime caused by habits of intemper- 

 ance in England is 43 per cent, Belgium 80 per 

 cent, Sweden 31 per cent, Germany 44 per cent, 

 and Denmark 74 per cent." In the United States 

 it is variously estimated at from 50 to 80 per 

 cent. 



The hereditary influence of the criminal 

 tendency acquired by the use of liquor in parents 

 is* plainly marked in the offspring. Dugdale Prison Statistics. 

 found that 38 per cent of the inmates of the New 

 York Reformatory were children of drunken 

 parents. In a list of 26 criminal habitual drunk- 

 ards 14 had parents who were habitual drunk- 

 ards; 5 of these 14 were of pauper stock, 6 of a 

 criminal family and 3 were insane or nervously 

 disordered. Out of these 26 habitual drunkards 

 4 had occasional drunkards for fathers, the habits 

 of 6 others were unknown; but it is noteworthy 

 that not one had parents who were temperate. Parents of 

 Carefully drawn statistics of the 4,000 criminals Criminals. 

 who passed through Elmira, New York, showed 

 that drunkenness clearly existed in the parents in 

 38.7 per cent, and probably in i i.i per cent more. 

 Marro found on an average that 41 per cent of 

 the criminals he examined had a drunken parent, 

 as against 16 per cent for normal persons. 



No fact is better established than that the off- 

 spring of inebriates are more prone to the use of 

 narcotics than are the children of the temperate. 

 Darwin says : "It is remarkable that all the evils 



