The Laws of Heredity. 165 



in the family of Charlemagne ; among artists it is frequent (Beet- 

 hoven, Mozart, Van der Velde, etc.). 



L. Verus, colleague of Marcus Aurelius, is commonly known, 

 but not so his father, ^Elius Verus. Yet a knowledge of his cha- 

 racter would serve to explain that of his son. In Spartianus 

 (Historia Augusta) are some curious details as to his beds of 

 roses carefully picked and prepared, etc., showing his extreme 

 effeminacy. 



HEREDITY FROM MOTHER TO DAUGHTER. 



It is not surprising that there are not many instances under this 

 head. Probably any one who will tax his memory a little will 

 recollect instances of this kind occurring in ordinary families. In 

 history, science, literature, this is more difficult. Women have 

 there acted but an inconsiderable part, and it is therefore natural 

 that cases of heredity between famous mothers and famous 

 daughters should be rare. Still here are a few. 



The Emperor Augustus, who was several times married, had by 

 his wife Scribonia his celebrated daughter Julia. She became the 

 wife of Agrippa and had a daughter, another Julia. Both of them 

 caused much grief to Augustus by their infamous conduct, ' Julias, 

 nliam et neptem/ says Suetonius (c. 65), omnibus probris contam- 

 inatus relegavit/ 



We may remark in passing that according to the same historian 

 Csesar had by Cleopatra a son, 'similem Csesaris forma et incessu.' 

 He was called Csesarion, and died very young. 



Agrippina, the wife of Germanicus, ' Mother of the camps/ was 

 a strong-willed, heroic woman, 'pervicax irae/ says Tacitus. 

 Being Agrippa's daughter, she had in her character some of her 

 father's sternness. ' My daughter,' said Tiberius to her, ' you are 

 always complaining because you do not reign.' She was the 

 mother of the famous Agrippina, who made Claudius her slave, 

 and raised Nero to the imperial throne. 



We have already mentioned Marozia, mother of Pope John XL 

 This woman, who was famous in the tenth century for her wealth, 

 her influence, and her misconduct, had her vices from her mother, 

 Theodora, and transmitted them to her son. 



Michelet points out the resemblance between Marie Leczinska 



