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still, if we note all the phenomena which show in individuals 

 a tendency to obey the mathematical law, heredity is found 

 to realise in the aggregate of each species the result which 

 it fails to realise in isolated individuals. To use a figurative 

 expression, the true meaning of which cannot fail to be 

 apprehended, while it cannot be verified in the whole, it 

 may be in detail." 



Direct Heredity consists in the transmission of paternal 1 

 and maternal qualities to the children. This form presents " 

 two aspects 



I. A child may resemble both its parents equally, as 

 regards both physical and moral characters. This is com- 

 paratively rare, as it would be a manifest realisation of the 

 ideal law. 



II. A child, whilst resembling both parents, may 

 resemble one of them peculiarly. This second class admits 

 of two sub-divisions viz., (a) the likeness may be in the 

 same sex from father to son, from mother to daughter; 

 (b) more frequently the heredity occurs between different 

 sexes from father to daughter, from mother to son. 



(i) Perfect equilibrium is only compatible with " perfect 

 equality of action a perfect correspondence beween the 

 physical and mental constitution of the parents," which 

 are not to be found ; and thus, among the higher animals 

 at any rate, the realisation of the ideal law is unattainable, 

 owing to the absence of the necessary conditions. That 

 there is always a preponderance of one of the parents is the 

 one clear result arising out of the conflict of opinions. As 

 Ribot says : " In the case of direct heredity the child is 

 always more specially like either the father or the mother." 

 The preponderance, moreover, is never exclusive, but always 

 bi-lateral. " Although the influence of one of the parents 



