6 4 



perception, imagination, memory, intellect, sentiments and 

 passions, will no longer suffice, for with men of action and 

 resolute will-power the play of the various faculties must be 

 simultaneous their processes essentially synthetic, action 

 alone is their end, theory but a means. Thus they are 

 characterised by immense resolution and great strength of 

 will, always exercised, and by the qualities which this implies 

 viz., boldness, courage, self-confidence, and mastery over 

 the timid and irresolute. "Like every other faculty, strength 

 of will may be hereditary." Voltaire thus writes of the 

 Guises : "The physical, which is 'father of the moral,' trans- 

 mits the same character from father to son for ages. The 

 Appii were ever proud and inflexible ; the Catos always 

 austere. The whole line of the Guises was bold, rash, 

 factious, full of the most insolent pride, and of the most 

 winning politeness. From Frangois de Guise down to that 

 one who, all alone, and unexpectedly, put himself at the 

 head of the people of Naples, they were all in look, cour- 

 age, and character above ordinary men. I have seen full- 

 length portraits of Frangois de Guise, of Balafre, and his 

 son : they are all six feet high, and they all possess the same 

 features ; there is the same courage, the same audacity on 

 the brow, in the eyes, and in the attitude." " We know not," 

 says Ribot, "how the will is thus transmitted ; but when we 

 see that its energy and its weakness are connected with 

 certain states of the organism, and that physical strength 

 commonly renders men bold and courageous, while physical 

 weakness makes them timid, we can scarcely doubt that this 

 transmission takes place by means of the organs, and that it 

 is in fact physiological." 



Statesmen and soldiers afford the best examples of those 

 in whom the active faculties of the mind, represented by a 



