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its national character, and even when different nations are 

 crossed by inter-alliances as sometimes happens for their 

 weal, and ofttimes for their woe however the national 

 character may be thus modified, heredity is the power which 

 either conserves their greatness, or ministers to their decline; 

 for it is inexorable in its results. The development of the 

 highest civilisation is, perhaps, unattainable without that 

 complexity and variability of elements which are only to be 

 found as the results of appropriate international fusion ; and 

 thus development and progress become possible ; but in the 

 case of even the most exclusive nations, such as the Jews, 

 the Gypsies, and the Cagots however their development is 

 retarded by their exclusiveness the evolution and fixation 

 of their national characteriscics is primarily the result of 

 heredity. 



The individuality of man consists in his differentiation 

 from every other individual has its source and origin in 

 heredity, and the modifying principle of variability to 

 which every individual is subject, and is furthermore 

 developed and intensified by the results of his environment 

 in the struggle of life. As no two leaves in a forest are 

 precisely alike as no two human faces, however similar, 

 are the exact likeness of each other ; so no two individuals 

 who have ever existed have been identically the same, 

 either in physical conformation, or in mental qualities, or 

 moral character. Physiologically, we have seen that whilst 

 the external and internal anatomical conformation and 

 organic peculiarities are marvellously transmitted from one 

 generation to another in their minutest details, also the 

 peculiarities of expression, gait, voice, size, skin, hair, 

 nails, and everything pertaining to the functions which 

 constitute the physical life of man ; and whilst also, pyscho- 



