( 17 ) 



and, if we find that the Hessian Fly puparia fall just 

 below the machine customarily, there will be neither 

 difficulty or loss in collecting the rubbish and dirt and 

 destroying it. 



From the above observation it appears that puparia 

 or " flax-seeds " may be transmitted in corn rubbish. In 

 samples of screenings and " sweepings " from imported 

 corn I have found, besides a large amount of live and 

 dead beetles, also weed-seeds, smut, and other matters 

 undesirable to spread abroad (as may easily be done 

 where these are used for poultry-food, and thus thrown 

 out in farmyards), and as, with these, broken bits of 

 stem are to be found, it appears at least possible that 

 "flax-seed" may also be conveyed. In Dr. Packard's 

 paper on the subject (previously quoted) he alludes to the 

 possibility of the pest being transmitted in wheat. 



Methods of Prevention. 



At present nearly all we know on this head is learnt 

 from agricultural publications of other countries, and 

 especially from the Eeports of the Agricultural Depart- 

 ment of the United States, but in our own country we 

 have one regular and constant- safeguard against autumn 

 attack in the fact that wheat in this country is not sown 

 usually until well after the time when plants may be 

 considered safe from eggs being laid upon them by the 

 autumn brood of the Hessian Fly. 



This point of prevention is stated as follows in the 

 Third Eeport of the United States Entomological Com- 

 mission : " Late sowing of most of the wheat seed. All 

 writers, both entomological and agricultural, concur in 

 recommending this easily applied remedy, that at least 

 a part of the wheat should not be sown until after the 

 20th September in the Northern States."* 



In this country this remedy is applied for the most 

 part in regular process of farming arrangements ; 



* See Third Keport of United States Entomological Commission, 

 Department of Agriculture, p. 221, 1880 - 82. 



