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commonly our wheat is not sown until some time after 

 date named, and thus the young plant is not up until 

 the flies which would have laid eggs on it are dead. 



The Hessian Fly has commonly two broods in the 

 course of the year. The flies which come out in August 

 or September from the "flax-seed" chrysalis-cases, 

 sheltered above the second joint of the straw from the 

 ground (such as we have this year been troubled with in 

 England and Scotland), lay their eggs, we are informed 

 by various observers, Prof. Kiley, the State Entomologist, 

 amongst the number, in the grooves on the surface of 

 the leaves, or between the stalk and sheath where loose, 

 and, as soon as the footless larva or maggot hatches, it 

 makes its way down the leaf to the base of the sheath, 

 which in the young winter wheat is at the crown of the 

 root. Here it is stated to fasten itself lengthwise to the 

 tender stalk, and to move no more, but remain fixed at 

 one spot sucking the juices until it becomes embedded 

 at one extremity in the outer part of the stalk, and in 

 five or six weeks, according to the season, to turn to the 

 flax-seed chrysalis. In the case of attack to the young 

 wheat, the maggots drawing away the juices just near 

 the ground-level, cause it to turn yellow and die. 



The flies from these " flax-seeds " come out in spring, 

 or about the beginning of May, and, as where the corn 

 is running up to stem the tender ground leaves are no 

 longer to be found, which are used for autumn egg-laying, 

 the flies have no choice, but they lay them instead, as we 

 know, so that the maggot when hatched shelters itself 

 between the stem and sheath just above the first or 

 second joint from the ground, and there it turns to the 

 flax-seed chrysalis, from which the autumn brood 

 presently come out. 



To return to autumn means of prevention, as previously 

 said, if there is no accommodation ready for the autumn 

 brood, a great deal of it necessarily perishes without 

 egg-laying, but further (in case quite early- sown wheat 

 is found to be infested), by ploughing this in the maggots 

 and eggs will be killed ; and, in the words of Dr. Packard, 



