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this brood may be circumvented or destroyed so that a 

 spring brood cannot appear from it. 



A less expensive method of attracting the flies is the 

 use of what is called " bait," that is, sowing some narrow 

 strips of wheat to attract the flies, and ploughing this in 

 with the eggs and maggots ; but for ourselves the plan 

 arranged by Mr. G. Palmer on his farm of Eevell's Hall, 

 near Hertford, appears best of all as costing little or 

 nothing, and meeting all purposes. 



Mr. Palmer showed me that on his worst infested 

 barley field, which was bare at the root, he had allowed 

 all the self-sown barley to sprout ; thus it was ready for 

 attack of all the flies which were hatching, or might be 

 hatching, out of the " flax-seeds."* When the time was 

 passed the plant was to be fed off by sheep, which would 

 eat the leaves with eggs on them, and any maggots 

 which had effected a lodgment in the centre of a plant 

 too far down to be bitten out would be effectually killed 

 by the subsequent ploughing coming in regular course 

 of operations. 



The above refers to where stubbles are left ; where 

 they have been cut high so as to leave the infested part 

 standing on the field it is probably the best plan at once 

 to skim and collect the stubble and burn it, but from the 

 practical difficulties in the way of carrying out this 

 high cutting, and the amount of loss entailed, it does 

 not seem likely to be carried out. 



Deep ploughing directly after cutting of stubbles 

 which have been infested would turn any "flax-seeds" 

 which had been shaken out well under, so that the flies 

 from them, even if they did hatch out, could not make 

 their way to the top. Where there is clover or seeds it 

 does not seem possible to do anything relatively to 

 attack that may very likely recur on the self-sown 



* Nov. 1st, 1886. During the last few days specimens have been sent 

 from these plants, and shoots from old plants infested with Hessian Fly 

 puparia in various stages, from white condition just passing from larval 

 state up to regular " flax-seed." This shows that the puparia found in 

 the corn-stems in August, or a portion of them, do hatch out their flies 

 in this couutry, and confirms the need of every precaution. E. A. 0. 



