( 6 ) 



be shortly stated as any amount from slight attack up 

 to devastation of whole large districts. Some of the 

 communications regarding amount of attack this year in 

 this country mention " the barley being very much 

 injured " (this on fields respectively of 33 and 15 acres) ; 

 " considerable damage" ; being " struck with the number 

 of broken-down stalks " ; and one estimate is of a 

 " loss of several bushels per acre " (this from one English 

 and three Scottish localities) ; and a general report sent 

 to myself mentioned the attack in Scotland as having 

 " been observed in various counties widely apart, and 

 causing considerable havoc to crops and anxiety to 

 farmers." Just as an example of amount of loss in the 

 United States, in one State, at dates widely apart, it 

 may be mentioned : In New York State the loss last 

 year through this attack was estimated at 100,000 dols. : 

 in 1846 the insect was destructive through the whole 

 State, and the loss in the western section was estimated 

 at 500,000 bushels. Details of losses in various years 

 and localities in U. S. A. from 1776 will be found in the 

 Report of the U. S. A. Ent. Commission, previously 

 quoted. 



Appearance of attacked Crops. 



In Mr. Palmer's notes of the appearance of his infested 

 fields, he mentioned that at first he thought that the 

 barley was " simply root-fallen," but on closely examining 

 the stems he found that most of them had given way 

 just above the second joint from the root, and then 

 found that the maggot, of which the chrysalis was sent, 

 was the cause of the attack ; and in the report of the 

 attack from near Perth there is similar mention of the 

 broken-down stalks and small brown pupae found at the 

 injured part. 



On examination in the fields near Hertford, on the 

 30th of July, I found the stems doubled sharply down a 

 little above the joint, as shown in fig. 1, No. 1, and between 

 this double and the joint below there lay, closely pressed 

 to the stem and covered by the sheathing-leaf, the 



