( 5 ) 



flax-seed-like pupa were forwarded to me by Mr. G. E. 

 Palmer from his barley fields near Hertford, and shortly 

 after the attack was reported as found on other neigh- 

 bouring farms. On August 10th some small amount 

 was found at Stubbers, near Eomford, Essex, in wheat ; 

 on August 28th the same attack, with pupse now advanced 

 to the striated condition (that is, with lines running 

 lengthwise along them), was found at Ware ; and on 

 September 1st and 2nd respectively similar attack was 

 reported (with specimens accompanying) from barley 

 near Inverness, and also from barley near Crieff, Perth- 

 shire. In all cases the nature of the attack was identified 

 by sample specimens forwarded to me. Keports were 

 also sent me of similarly injured straw being observed 

 in various parts of Scotland, and that "the insect had 

 been observed in various counties widely apart." 



On September 22nd Mr. G. E. Palmer reported that 

 the pupae of the Hessian Fly had been found at three 

 farms near Hertford, two farms near Hitchin, one near 

 Ware, and one near Luton, Bedfordshire. These 

 localities include Mr. Palmer's farm and that at Ware 

 previously mentioned. The observations were taken by 

 Mr. Palmer and Mr. H. Dorrington, residents near 

 Hertford, perfectly qualified to identify the attack. 



Amount of injury caused by Hessian Fly attack. 



It is unnecessary here to enter on the losses liable to 

 be caused by this attack, of which details will be found 

 in the works referred to in table appended. They may 



transmission is thoroughly disproved will find the subject entered on at 

 length in a paper by Dr. Hagen, entitled, " The Hessian Fly not imported 

 from Europe," 'Canadian Entomologist,' October, 1880. The dates, 

 with names of ports of embarkation and those of arrival in America, are 

 there given both of the Hessian and German troops ; and (to give just 

 one note of the various movements specified) it will appear plain that 

 where troops left Hesse in February, Spithead in May, and arrived in 

 Sandy Hook in July, or up to August 12th, that the "flax-seeds" could 

 not by possibility be thus conveyed. If pupae had been in the straw (if 

 straw was conveyed) they would have developed long before the middle 

 of summer, if they were in a state to develop at all. Full details will be 

 found in the paper referred to. 



