38 ANAPHYLAXIS AND ANTI-ANAPHYLAXIS 



the most deadly. The atoxicity of heated egg- 

 albumen is therefore only apparent. In other words, 

 heated egg-albumen and raw egg-albumen behave 

 when compared with one another just as if they were 

 albumens of different species of animals. 



Whatever be the substance employed, whether one 

 is dealing with serum, milk, or egg-albumen, the 

 symptoms which the animals exhibit are almost the 

 same in each case. The symptoms follow with more 

 or less rapidity, according to the dose injected and 

 to the route chosen for the injection {i.e., in propor- 

 tion to the rapidity of the absorption of the albu- 

 men), but on general lines their characteristics are 

 always the same. 



From the point of view of symptomatology, how- 

 ever, certain peculiarities should be noted which vary 

 with the particular species of animal. Thus the 

 anaphylactic symptoms set up by the same substance 

 are not always the same in guinea-pigs and in dogs; 

 the ox and the horse react a Httle differently ; whilst 

 serum disease in man differs in certain points from 

 that observed in animals. 



The classical picture of anaphylaxis is that which 

 is shown us by the guinea-pig, and which is commonly 

 designated to-day in accordance with our proposition 

 under the name of anaphylactic shock. Scarcely is 

 the test injection terminated than the animal begins 

 to struggle ; it scratches its muzzle as if wanting to 

 remove a foreign body. Its struggles become more 

 and more marked; it commences to turn round and 

 round and then to turn somersaults which become 

 more and more frequent and violent. Then these 

 convulsive attacks begin to take place at greater 

 intervals, and the animal having become weakened 

 from the output of so much energy, lies on its side. 

 The vesical and anal sphincters become relaxed ; there 

 is involuntary discharge of urine and faeces. The 



