40 ANAPHYLAXIS AND ANTI-ANAPHYLAXIS 



the animal falls down exhausted. Urine and blood- 

 stained liquid faeces are passed involuntarily. Re- 

 spiration becomes more and more difficult and death 

 takes place after some hours ; or if the symptoms take 

 a favourable course, recovery may follow in about 

 half an hour. 



According to Charles Richet,^ the cause of death 

 in the dog is asphyxia set up by pulmonary conges- 

 tion; to this asphyxia is superadded marked catarrh 

 of the intestines . The pulmonary circulation becomes 

 more and more congested, the blood-pressure is 

 lowered, and the central nervous system consequently 

 ischaemic. Death ensues from failure of circulation. 

 In the ox and in the horse, serum anaphylaxis is 

 manifested (Alexandrescu, A. Ciuca^), in slight cases 

 by oedema of the muzzle, of the nasal mucous mem- 

 brane, and of the vulva ; by attacks of colic ; by mam- 

 mary cyanosis and a diminution in the secretion of 

 milk. 



In serious cases dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema, 

 vertigo, excessive salivary and buccal secretion occur, 

 whilst there is also loss of consciousness for a period 

 of some three-quarters of an hour. In fulminating 

 cases death may supervene in from five to six minutes. 



In the horse sometimes extreme nervous excite- 

 ment and urticaria are present, at other times oedema 

 of the head and neck. 



In man the condition known as serum sickness 

 (y. Pirquet and Schick) is nowadays well recognised, 

 so that a detailed description of it is unnecessary. 

 Generally speaking, eight days after the injection of 

 the serum an irritating eruption makes its appear- 

 ance together with pains in the joints and slight rise 

 of temperature. In certain cases the sequelae of 

 serum injection assume a more serious character. 



^ " L'Anaphylaxie," p. 44. 



" Comptes rend. Soc. de Biol., Ixviii., p. 685, 1910. 



