THE AZYG0U8 GANGLIA. 55 



cephalic extremity of the said intestinal tube, he had 

 to assume the vomer to be the anterior element of the 

 cyclo-vertebral system in man. In maintaining this 

 opinion he had the support of Carus and G. St. 

 Hilaire's observations on the vomer in mammal em- 

 bryology, and the higher interpretation of the same 

 bone or laminated bar in the cranial structure of fishes 

 and reptiles. Looking upon the basilar portion of the 

 occipital, the body of the sphenoid, the vomer, and the 

 median intermaxillary bones as cyclo-vertebral ele- 

 ments of the cranium, and these bones in close con- 

 nection with the upper part of the intestinal tube, he 

 inferred that in the immediate neighbourhood of these 

 combined systems (vertebral and cephalic), the linear 

 series of the ganglia constituting the cephalic portion 

 of the sympathetic should be found. He fixed upon 

 .•in azygos ganglion — the naso-palatine as the anterior,'-'' 

 and the ganglion impar as \h& posterior termination of 

 the linear series of the vertebral ganglia. The otic, 

 ophthalmic, and sub-maxillary ganglia were ranked by 

 him with the cardiac and semilunar, as terminating 

 in their proper organs, and not linear but excentric 

 ganglia. He showed the analogy of this view of the 

 human sympathetic nerve to the double gangliated 

 row and terminal azygous ganglia which constitute 



* Fontana, BirzeL and Arnold believed thai they traced filaments of 

 nerves from the cavernou pli cus to the pituitary bodj ; if so, this bodj 

 would I"- more entitled than the na o palatine ganglion to hold a cerebral 

 relation to the sympathel tern that theganglion impart I does 



to the spinal portion. Bock, Weber, and others, have nol confirmed the 

 \ iews of Arnold. 



