CHAPTER IX. 



Morphology — Goethe and Others — Good sir's Views and Influences — 

 The Anatomical Museum — Social Eeforms — Death of Forbes — 

 Holidays — Philosophical Apparatus. 



Jean Jacques Rousseau, so exuberant in sentiment- 

 ality, had also a vein of true philosophy in his 

 composition. His diligence in the field made him a 

 botanical discoverer ; and this, conjoined with his 

 closet studies, afforded him " a glimpse of those trans- 

 formations which hide under multiple forms the more 

 simple forms from which they are derived." If Lava- 

 ter and Zimmerman enticed Goethe from poesy to 

 nature, the writings of " Jean Jacques" gave him the 

 text to a new philosophy — vegetable morphology. 

 Under Loder of Jena Goethe took to the study of ana- 

 tomy ; and the picking up a sheep's cranium led him 

 to infer the existence of an intermaxillary bone in the 

 human skull — an idea probably present to the mind 

 of Caspar Friedrich Wolff, if not Vesalius and Winslow 

 ■ — of great import in the study of the vertebrate 

 head. Guided by his belief in the unity of organic 

 composition, or the existence of an anatomical type 

 according to which organised beings may be said to be 

 constructed, Goethe laid the foundation of animal 

 morphology as far back as 1791, but did not then 



