THE ESSENCE OF HUMANITY. 221 



dividuality. He may control his animal instincts, and use 

 his body as a thoroughly adapted instrument. In the pos- 

 session of this higher conscious principle, a human being is 

 not merely an individual — as an animal can only be considered 

 — he possesses also a personality — he is a person who is called 

 upon to employ not only his body and animal principle, but 

 also his higher or self-conscious principle, conjointly under 

 the guidance of the latter, to those great and extensive pur- 

 poses for which he was created. 



17. From whatever point of view we compare man with 

 the animal, e.g., if we compare, as in the present course of 

 lectures, the anatomical structure of man and the animal, we 

 must keep steadily in view the nature of man's higher con- 

 scious principle. I shall have to make frequent reference to 

 the subject in subsequent lectures ; at present, I shall merely 

 indicate the more important features of its economy. 



18. In the first place, we are conscious of a faculty of 

 thought, in virtue of the processes of which we reach certain 

 conclusions, not only regarding external objects, but also re- 

 garding our consciousness itself. We are conscious in 

 thought of a faculty of judgment. It involves a comparison 

 and a judgment regarding two things, neither of which we 

 can think down or out of existence. The self which thinks, 

 and the self which is thought of. Again in our consciousness 

 in the act of perception, we are not only conscious of self, but 

 of a not self. We can neither disbelieve the one nor the 

 other. We cannot think unless under the conditions of time. 

 There is always a judgment of self , and of not self, as existing 

 in time. Time is only apprehensible to us, as a condition 

 under which we think. Hence our human conception of 

 duration. 



In the same manner, space is to us only a condition of 

 thought. We can form do conception of it, unless when 

 passing a judgment regarding the relation of things us 



