THE ERECT POSITION IN MAN. 231 



resembles that'only perfect hand, the human hand, than the 

 so-called hand in the anterior limb of the ape itself. 



I. The ankle-joint of the ape is so arranged as to throw 

 the sole of the foot inwards, hence the ape walks on the outer 

 margin of the foot. 



m. In man, while the muscles which act on the toes are 

 fully differentiated, and precisely adjusted, they are compara- 

 tively weaker than those of the ape. 



n. The deep or primary muscles of the ankle in the ape 

 are comparatively stronger than in the human subject, The 

 secondary extensors of the ankle in the ape are comparatively 

 feebly developed. In man again they assume their complete 

 form, and constitute the mass of the human calf. 



o. You are now in a position to perceive the nature of 

 those arrangements in the human body, by which the erect 

 position of man is conditioned. These arrangements essen- 

 tially consist in a completion of those facets on which full 

 extension of the lower limbs depends, and on the due co- 

 ordinated curvature of the vertebral column. They are all of 

 a nature involving the conception of absolutely complete 

 structure, and they also involve, as I shall show more at large 

 in my next lecture, highly important relations to the rational 

 consciousness in humanity. 



