244 THE INTEGUMENT AND ORGANS OF 



that complete specialisation of the cutaneous muscular arrange- 

 ments of the head and neck, which completes the mechanism 

 of the eyebrows, eyelids, nostrils, cheeks, lips, chin, and neck 

 in man ; and confers on him that power and extent of cor- 

 poreal expression which he alone possesses. 



/. The human skin is remarkable for its combined density, 

 toughness, and pliancy. In no animal are the arrangements 

 for permitting the necessary foldings of the skin during the 

 movement of the body so elaborately carried out as in man. 

 These folds are permanent arrangements co-ordinated with 

 the movements of the subjacent parts, and divide the skin into 

 areas of greater or less extent. They are developed in their 

 greatest complexity in the face, hands, and feet; also around 

 the joints. Although specific in their character, they vary 

 from individual to individual, but so precisely are they co- 

 ordinated with subjacent parts, that individual differences in 

 the conformation of such parts may be safely assumed from 

 observation of the folds of the enveloping skin. 



g. The oil-glands of the human skin, although widely and 

 elaborately distributed, do not distinguish it in so marked a 

 manner from the skin in the higher animals, as the system of 

 sweat glands ; which latter appear to reach their complete 

 development, and most extended distribution, in man. 



h. The semi-transparent and iridescent character of the 

 cuticle in man contributes largely to the characteristic aspect 

 of the human body. 



i. The distribution and character of the hair in man is 

 highly characteristic, and indicative of the distinct and 

 peculiar nature of his economy. In the higher animals, hair 

 is provided for protection and warmth. It serves more varied 

 ends in the human economy. That protection and warmth, 

 which is directly provided for the animal in its hairy covering, 

 is left to be provided for the human body by its indwelling 

 intelligence. That sex which, by the very constitution of 



