SENSE AND SPEECH IN MAN. 247 



fauces and palate. All those arrangements in the tongue, 

 fauces, and palate, which adapt those parts to their functions 

 in the process of digestion, adapt them also to the sense of 

 taste. Of the special adaptations of those parts in man, the 

 most important are the great tactile sensibility of the tongue, 

 and the horizontal position of the mouth. 



c. There is, probably, no difference in the sense of sapidity, 

 or taste proper, of man and the higher animals, except, per- 

 haps, in its delicacy in man. Animals undoubtedly possess 

 the sense of flavour in special forms. But there are sufficient 

 grounds for assuming that no animal can employ his organs 

 of smell and taste in combination to the extent of apprecia- 

 tion of flavour as it exists in man. Many of the sensations 

 we are in the habit of regarding as due to taste are probably 

 merely modifications of touch. The positive sapidities are 

 probably not more than four or five. 



/. The senses of smell and taste, in their isolated and 

 combined effects, are associated with the emotions and appe- 

 tites in man, to an extent not generally fully appreciated. 



(j. In the animal both senses are devoted, but in a relatively 

 lower sphere, to certain of their instinctive emotions and 

 appetites, 



3. — Tlic Eye and Ear. 



a. The eye and ear in man being more immediately asso- 

 ciated with his higher interests, present special arrangements, 

 having Lmportanl bearings on the subject of the pivscnl 

 course. I cannot, in the time at our disposal, enter at any 

 Length into the consideration of the eye and ear in man, and in 

 the animal kingdom. I shall confine myself to-day to certain 

 relations of these organs, which I shall have to recur to in 

 my iii'\t Lecture, <»n the head and brain. 



//. The fronto-ethmoidal suture in the human orbil is 

 horizontal, thai is to say, it i.; parallel to the axis of the 



