TELEOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY. 263 



to its filial cause ; that is, in relation to the ends or purposes 

 for which the structure and its parts have been provided. 



Morphological anatomy, again, investigates the laws, the 

 forms, and arrangements of structure, and entirely excludes 

 the conception of purpose or function. 



These two departments of anatomical science are not 

 artificial divisions of the subject, but are essential in their 

 respective characters, as resulting from the constitution of 

 organic bodies themselves. Every form of animal body is a 

 more or less composite system, the parts being constructed 

 and co-ordinated to one another, and with immediate refer- 

 ence to its conscious principle, and to its area of action. 

 Every part of its mechanism, therefore, is constructed not 

 only in reference to other parts of the system, but also in 

 reference to its entire economy. 



You will now observe that the special anatomy of a single 

 form, or the various special anatomies which collectively 

 constitute the comparative form of the science, deals with 

 structural differences rather than with structural similarities ; 

 for in the differences lie involved all those co-ordinations — 

 structural, psychical, and cosmical — which collectively con- 

 stitute a species. 



As our instinctive belief — that every part of an organic 

 structure or mechanism, like the mechanism itself, has an 

 end or purpose in its constitution — is the principle which 

 guides us in the prosecution and application of teleological 

 anatomy ; so, in like manner, we are compelled, in extending 

 our examination of organic structure, to recognise the ex- 

 istence of laws of form and arrangement — i.e. formal laws m 

 the constitution of organised bodies and their parts. We 

 find, for instance, that the entire animal kingdom consists of 

 forms, which fall into groups of greater or Less extent, as 

 characterised by the mere form and arrangement of the parts 

 of their corporeal mechanisms. Now, from the constitution 01 



