TELEOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY. 265 



If you keep steadily before you those principles on which 

 every department of organic science must be conducted, and 

 to which I have previously directed your attention — if you 

 bear in mind that all the organic sciences lie in the boundary 

 between the various departments of physical science on the 

 one hand, and of moral and religious truth and belief on the 

 other — if, moreover, you agree with me, that, when any ques- 

 tion in organic science involves an element appertaining to 

 the higher departments of truth and belief, its higher 

 relations should be studied ; — then, I say, you will see 

 and avoid the danger which threatens the higher rela- 

 tions of anatomico-physiological knowledge in the present 

 phase of the science. I need scarcely remind you that I have 

 strictly adhered to these principles in my previous lectures. 

 I have not treated the anatomical questions which have come 

 before us on morphological, but on teleological grounds. I 

 deemed it quite unnecessary to inform you that the human 

 body is constructed on the mammalian type, and that there- 

 fore its characteristic features would be found to consist 

 merely in modifications of mammalian structure. 



No one would be inclined to deny that the general aspects 

 of the human body, and the body of a higher ape, resemble 

 one another more than do the aspects of the frames of the 

 highest and the lowest ape. But I have, I trust, satisfied you 

 that the human body presents a whole series of perfected 

 arrangements of structure, bearing immediately on the higher 

 conscious or rational principle of man — arrangements which 

 are deficient in all apes alike, and which thus collectively, by 

 their absence, distinguish all the apes from man corporeally 

 as precisely as their instinctive form of consciousness separates 

 them from man psychically. 



