THE TOSITION OF MAN IN THE SCALE OF BEING. 2G9 



selves acquainted with all the elements of a given question, 

 from taking any part in the discussion of that question. 



6. I have already, in my first lecture, submitted to your con- 

 sideration the grounds on which the instinctive conscious 

 principle must be held as the fundamental element of the 

 animal. This immaterial principle, in virtue of its created 

 constitution, is the agency which determines the actions and 

 regulates the processes of its corporeal frame ; not only the 

 form and construction of the animal body, but also the actions 

 which it exhibits in support of its own frame, and the further- 

 ance of its purpose in the economy of the world, are strictly 

 considered by its immaterial element. We are compelled to 

 admit, by a process or argument of elimination, that even in 

 the highest animal, its perceptions — its emotional, intellectual, 

 and determining faculties are predetermined for it in the con- 

 ditions of its economy. 



To the immaterial principle, which we are thus compelled 

 by an indirect method of research to admit as the essential 

 element of an animal, various terms have been applied. 



The -^vyjh we hold to be the soul of the animal, irrespective 

 of all questions regarding its nature. It must be that in which 

 the instinctive consciousness of the animal subsists. It must 

 be that, lacking which the organisation of the animal could 

 not exist. The organic world differs from the inorganic, in 

 that it consists of individual organisms, each of which exists 

 essentially in virtue of its indwelling Psyche. It is not for a 

 moment to be assumed that the Psyche of an animal is the 

 immediate agent in the processes of organisation, or that the 

 forces of matter are replaced in the living structure by forces 

 of another kind. The forces which act in organisation are 

 natural forces, however peculiar the form and arrangements 

 of their results may be. We are not entitled to assume more 

 than this, that in organisation the material forces arc de- 

 termined, as regards their mode of action, by the indwelling 



